Comparing diagnostic classification of neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure with the Canadian fetal alcohol spectrum disorder guidelines: a cohort study

James L. Sanders; Rebecca E. Hudson Breen; Nicole Netelenbos

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20160137

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Table 1: Diagnostic outcome comparisons between the DSM-5 and the 2005 Canadian FASD guidelines

ND-PAE diagnosis from DSM-5, no. (%)		Total, no. (%)
No	Yes	Total, no. (%)
FASD diagnosis from multidisciplinary 2005 Canadian guidelines	No diagnosis	22 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	22 (100.0)
	ARND	22 (47.8)	24 (52.2)	46 (100.0)
	pFAS	9 (69.2)	4 (30.8)	13 (100.0)
	FAS	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Total		54 (65.9)	28 (34.1)	82 (100.0)

Note: ARND = alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, FAS = fetal alcohol syndrome, FASD = fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, ND-PAE = neurobehavioural disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure, pFAS = partial FAS.

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Table 2: Proportions of patients with significant impairment* in neurobehavioural disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure areas of the DSM-5 separated by Canadian fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic classification

DSM-5 areas of significant impairment	No. (%)
DSM-5 areas of significant impairment	No diagnosis	ARND	pFAS	FAS
Neurocognitive
Global intelligence	0 (0.0)	18 (39.1)	6 (46.2)	0 (0.0)
Executive function	4 (18.2)	33 (71.1)	9 (69.2)	1 (100.0)
Learning	5 (22.7)	37 (80.4)	10 (76.9)	0 (0.0)
Memory	0 (0.0)	25 (54.3)	7 (53.8)	0 (0.0)
Visual-spatial reasoning	0 (0.0)	19 (41.3)	6 (46.2)	0 (0.0)
Self-regulation
Mood or behavioural regulation	6 (27.3)	22 (47.8)	6 (46.2)	0 (0.0)
Attention deficit	14 (63.6)	32 (69.6)	9 (69.2)	1 (100.0)
Impulse control	11 (50.0)	20 (43.5)	7 (53.8)	1 (100.0)
Adaptive functioning
Communication	3 (13.6)	28 (60.9)	8 (61.5)	0 (0.0)
Social communication and interaction	9 (40.9)	26 (56.5)	7 (53.8)	0 (0.0)
Daily living skills	4 (18.2)	24 (52.2)	5 (38.5)	0 (0.0)
Motor skills	4 (18.2)	10 (21.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Note: ARND = alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, FAS = fetal alcohol syndrome, pFAS = partial FAS.

*Two or more standard deviations below the mean.