Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1:
Demographics and outcomes for those with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Alberta and Ontario — Mar. 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021
Characteristic Wave 1 (Mar. 2020 to Oct. 2020) Wave 2 (Nov. 2020 to Jan. 2021) Wave 3 (Feb. 2021 to June 2021) Total p value* No. of people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test 100 478 271 592 359 079 731 149 – Age, yr, n (%) < 18 10 274 (10.2) 36 367 (13.4) 66 349 (18.5) 112 990 (15.5) < 0.0001 18–39 35 754 (35.6) 96 585 (35.6) 132 911 (37.0) 265 250 (36.3) < 0.0001 40–65 37 986 (37.8) 103 488 (38.1) 132 022 (36.8) 273 496 (37.4) < 0.0001 > 65 16 464 (16.4) 35 152 (12.9) 27 797 (7.7) 79 413 (10.9) < 0.0001 Age, yr, median (IQR) Alberta 36 (23–51) 36 (23–52) 33 (19–47) 35 (21–49) < 0.0001 Ontario 43 (27–60) 40 (25–57) 36 (23–52) 38 (24–55) < 0.0001 Male, n (%) 48 523 (48.3) 133 329 (49.1) 182 622 (50.9) 364 474 (49.8) < 0.0001 Rural resident, n (%) 4968 (4.9) 18 713 (6.9) 24 116 (6.7) 47 797 (6.5) < 0.0001 Deprivation Index, n (%) Missing 2373 (2.4) 7409 (2.7) 8927 (2.5) 18 709 (2.6) < 0.0001 Q1 (least deprived) 16 782 (16.7) 44 020 (16.2) 62 711 (17.5) 123 513 (16.9) Q2 16 809 (16.7) 47 136 (17.4) 65 702 (18.3) 129 647 (17.7) Q3 18 004 (17.9) 50 495 (18.6) 66 885 (18.6) 135 384 (18.5) Q4 18 909 (18.8) 54 169 (19.9) 69 639 (19.4) 142 717 (19.5) Q5 (most deprived) 27 601 (27.5) 68 363 (25.2) 85 215 (23.7) 181 179 (24.8) In a long-term care facility, n (%) 7832 (7.8) 10 202 (3.8) 826 (0.2) 18 860 (2.6) < 0.0001 Charlson Comorbidity Index score, n (%) 0/missing 90 174 (89.7) 249 436 (91.8) 334 113 (93) 673 723 (92.1) < 0.0001 1 2278 (2.3) 4479 (1.6) 3337 (0.9) 10 094 (1.4) 2 1526 (1.5) 2983 (1.1) 2334 (0.6) 6843 (0.9) 3+ 6500 (6.5) 14 694 (5.4) 19 295 (5.4) 40 489 (5.5) Specific comorbidities, n (%) COPD or asthma 804 (0.8) 1723 (0.6) 1207 (0.3) 3734 (0.5) < 0.0001 Other chronic lung disease (non-COPD/asthma) 29 (0) 65 (0) 56 (0) 150 (0) 0.01 Congestive heart failure 1005 (1) 1813 (0.7) 1275 (0.4) 4093 (0.6) < 0.0001 Hypertension 3100 (3.1) 5614 (2.1) 4053 (1.1) 12 767 (1.7) < 0.0001 Diabetes mellitus 2655 (2.6) 5280 (1.9) 4231 (1.2) 12 166 (1.7) < 0.0001 CAD (including previous MI, CABG or PCI/stent) 898 (0.9) 1996 (0.7) 1901 (0.5) 4795 (0.7) < 0.0001 Peripheral vascular disease 218 (0.2) 424 (0.2) 335 (0.1) 977 (0.1) < 0.0001 Cerebrovascular disease (previous stroke/TIA) 678 (0.7) 1110 (0.4) 699 (0.2) 2487 (0.3) < 0.0001 Atrial fibrillation/flutter 1174 (1.2) 1943 (0.7) 1256 (0.3) 4373 (0.6) < 0.0001 Ventricular arrhythmias 67 (0.1) 152 (0.1) 130 (0) 349 (0) < 0.0001 Renal disease 489 (0.5) 988 (0.4) 725 (0.2) 2202 (0.3) < 0.0001 Cancer 706 (0.7) 1654 (0.6) 1752 (0.5) 4112 (0.6) < 0.0001 Peptic ulcer disease 178 (0.2) 298 (0.1) 282 (0.1) 758 (0.1) < 0.0001 Liver disease 191 (0.2) 559 (0.2) 544 (0.2) 1294 (0.2) < 0.0001 Dementia 1968 (2) 2602 (1) 621 (0.2) 5191 (0.7) < 0.0001 Vaccination status, n (%) Fully vaccinated 0 (0) 8 (0) 2500 (0.7) 2508 (0.3) < 0.0001 Partially vaccinated 0 (0) 733 (0.3) 22 378 (6.2) 23 111 (3.2) Unvaccinated 100 478 (100) 270 851 (99.7) 334 201 (93.1) 705 530 (96.5) Death Death within 30 days, n (%) 3423 (3.4) 4800 (1.8) 2639 (0.7) 10 862 (1.5) < 0.0001 Age at death, yr, median (IQR) Alberta 85 (77–91) 85 (75–91) 74 (63–85) 84 (73–90) < 0.0001 Ontario 86 (78–91) 85 (76–91) 76 (66–85) 83 (73–90) < 0.0001 Male, n (%) 1604 (46.9) 2479 (51.6) 1548 (58.7) 5631 (51.8) < 0.0001 Days to death, median (IQR) Alberta 7 (3–12) 8 (4–13) 9 (4–15) 8 (4–13) 0.009 Ontario 9 (5–14) 11 (7–17) 12 (6–19) 11 (6–17) < 0.0001 All-cause hospitalization Hospital admission within 30 days 7036 (7) 13 025 (4.8) 20 256 (5.6) 40 317 (5.5) < 0.0001 Age at hospitalization, yr, median (IQR) Alberta 63 (47–76) 65 (48–80) 54 (40–67) 59 (44–74) < 0.0001 Ontario 68 (54–81) 70 (55–82) 60 (46–73) 64 (50–77) < 0.0001 Male, n (%) 3737 (53.1) 6977 (53.6) 11 047 (54.5) 21 761 (54) 0.02 Length of stay, d, median (IQR) Alberta 6 (3–12) 7 (3–13) 5 (3–10) 6 (3–11) < 0.0001 Ontario 8 (3–20) 7 (3–14) 6 (3–12) 7 (3–13) < 0.0001 Note: CABG = coronary artery bypass graft, CAD = coronary artery disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR = interquartile range, MI = myocardial infarction, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, TIA = transient ischemic attack.
↵* Waves 1 and 2 versus wave 3.
- Table 2:
Demographics and outcomes for those with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Alberta and Ontario by variant — Feb. 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021 (wave 3)
Characteristic Wild-type Alpha variant Delta variant Other variants Not tested/ indeterminate Total p value No. of people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test 92 427 182 020 3708 32 164 48 760 359 079 – Age, yr, n (%) < 18 19 884 (21.5) 31 875 (17.5) 702 (18.9) 5439 (16.9) 8449 (17.3) 66 349 (18.5) < 0.0001 18–39 31 017 (33.6) 69 101 (38.0) 1409 (38.0) 12 440 (38.7) 18 944 (38.9) 132 911 (37) 40–65 34 832 (37.7) 67 697 (37.2) 1290 (34.8) 11 652 (36.2) 16 551 (33.9) 132 022 (36.8) > 65 6694 (7.2) 13 347 (7.3) 307 (8.3) 2633 (8.2) 4816 (9.9) 27 797 (7.7) Age, yr, median (IQR) Alberta 32 (18–47) 33 (20–47) 32 (20–45) 35 (22–48) NA 33 (19–47) < 0.0001 Ontario 36 (23–54) 36 (23–52) 35 (22–52) 36 (22–52) 36 (22–53) 36 (23–52) < 0.0001 Male, n (%) 47 217 (51.1) 92 315 (50.7) 1898 (51.2) 16 700 (51.9) 24 492 (50.2) 182 622 (50.9) < 0.0001 Rural resident, n (%) 9317 (10.1) 9856 (5.4) 301 (8.1) 1608 (5) 3034 (6.2) 24 116 (6.7) < 0.0001 Deprivation Index, n (%) Missing 3902 (4.2) 3231 (1.8) 69 (1.9) 482 (1.5) 1243 (2.5) 8927 (2.5) < 0.0001 Q1 (least deprived) 15 183 (16.4) 32 650 (17.9) 589 (15.9) 5407 (16.8) 8882 (18.2) 62 711 (17.5) Q2 15 997 (17.3) 34 327 (18.9) 621 (16.7) 5807 (18.1) 8950 (18.4) 65 702 (18.3) Q3 17 047 (18.4) 34 328 (18.9) 664 (17.9) 6001 (18.7) 8845 (18.1) 66 885 (18.6) Q4 16 983 (18.4) 36 044 (19.8) 747 (20.1) 6576 (20.4) 9289 (19.1) 69 639 (19.4) Q5 (most deprived) 23 315 (25.2) 41 440 (22.8) 1018 (27.5) 7891 (24.5) 11 551 (23.7) 85 215 (23.7) In a long-term care facility, n (%) 326 (0.4) 165 (0.1) 32 (0.9) 53 (0.2) 250 (0.5) 826 (0.2) < 0.0001 Charlson Comorbidity Index score, n (%) 0/missing 87 775 (95) 169 547 (93.1) 3368 (90.8) 29 602 (92) 43 821 (89.9) 334 113 (93) < 0.0001 1 943 (1) 1475 (0.8) 35 (0.9) 263 (0.8) 621 (1.3) 3337 (0.9) 2 610 (0.7) 1081 (0.6) 29 (0.8) 212 (0.7) 402 (0.8) 2334 (0.6) 3+ 3099 (3.4) 9917 (5.4) 276 (7.4) 2087 (6.5) 3916 (8) 19 295 (5.4) Specific comorbidities, n (%) COPD or asthma 360 (0.4) 534 (0.3) 7 (0.2) 113 (0.4) 193 (0.4) 1207 (0.3) < 0.0001 Other chronic lung disease (non-COPD/asthma) 16 (0) 23 (0) 1–5* 1–5* 10 (0) 56 (0) 0.02 Congestive heart failure 331 (0.4) 577 (0.3) 12 (0.3) 113 (0.4) 242 (0.5) 1275 (0.4) < 0.0001 Hypertension 1001 (1.1) 1936 (1.1) 46 (1.2) 351 (1.1) 719 (1.5) 4053 (1.1) < 0.0001 Diabetes mellitus 1124 (1.2) 1935 (1.1) 52 (1.4) 366 (1.1) 754 (1.5) 4231 (1.2) < 0.0001 CAD (including previous MI, CABG or PCI/stent) 443 (0.5) 919 (0.5) 22 (0.6) 174 (0.5) 343 (0.7) 1901 (0.5) < 0.0001 Peripheral vascular disease 83 (0.1) 147 (0.1) 3 (0.1) 36 (0.1) 66 (0.1) 335 (0.1) 0.008 Cerebrovascular disease (previous stroke/TIA) 185 (0.2) 312 (0.2) 8 (0.2) 54 (0.2) 140 (0.3) 699 (0.2) < 0.0001 Atrial fibrillation/flutter 330 (0.4) 535 (0.3) 18 (0.5) 110 (0.3) 263 (0.5) 1256 (0.3) < 0.0001 Ventricular arrhythmias 31 (0) 63 (0) 1–5* 17 (0.1) 17 (0) 130 (0) 0.5 Renal disease 181 (0.2) 348 (0.2) 1–5* 53 (0.2) 139 (0.3) 725 (0.2) 0.0002 Cancer 417 (0.5) 831 (0.5) 18 (0.5) 169 (0.5) 317 (0.7) 1752 (0.5) < 0.0001 Peptic ulcer disease 72 (0.1) 124 (0.1) 1–5* 27 (0.1) 55 (0.1) 282 (0.1) 0.04 Liver disease 173 (0.2) 198 (0.1) 8 (0.2) 43 (0.1) 122 (0.3) 544 (0.2) < 0.0001 Dementia 181 (0.2) 212 (0.1) 9 (0.2) 51 (0.2) 168 (0.3) 621 (0.2) < 0.0001 Vaccination status, n (%) Fully vaccinated 334 (0.4) 925 (0.5) 111 (3) 195 (0.6) 935 (1.9) 2500 (0.7) < 0.0001 Partially vaccinated 3823 (4.1) 11 722 (6.4) 1010 (27.2) 2100 (6.5) 3723 (7.6) 22 378 (6.2) Unvaccinated 88 270 (95.5) 169 373 (93.1) 2587 (69.8) 29 869 (92.9) 44 102 (90.4) 334 201 (93.1) Death Death within 30 days, n (%) 532 (0.6) 1384 (0.8) 52 (1.4) 325 (1) 346 (0.7) 2639 (0.7) < 0.0001 Age at death, yr, median (IQR) Alberta 75 (63–86) 74 (65–85) 72 (69–80) 66 (56–73) NA 74 (63–85) 0.01 Ontario 79 (70–87) 75 (65–84) 73 (60–86) 74 (65–84) 78 (66–86) 76 (66–85) < 0.0001 Male, n (%) 302 (56.8) 822 (59.4) 30 (57.7) 202 (62.2) 192 (55.5) 1548 (58.7) < 0.0001 Days to death, median (IQR) Alberta 8 (3–14) 9 (4–17) 12 (4–18) 9 (3–14) NA 9 (4–15) 0.4 Ontario 11 (6–17) 12 (7–19) 16 (11–21) 13 (6–20) 10 (4–16) 12 (6–19) < 0.0001 All-cause hospitalization Hospital admission within 30 days 3470 (3.8) 11 552 (6.3) 295 (8) 2321 (7.2) 2618 (5.4) 20 256 (5.6) < 0.0001 Age at hospitalization, yr, median (IQR) Alberta 55 (38– 69) 54 (41–66) 57 (39–69) 53 (40–62) NA 54 (40–67) 0.3 Ontario 63 (48–77) 59 (46–71) 57 (43–70) 60 (48–72) 61 (41–75) 60 (46–73) < 0.0001 Male, n (%) 1878 (54.1) 6284 (54.4) 169 (57.3) 1335 (57.5) 1381 (52.8) 11 047 (54.5) < 0.0001 Length of stay, d, median (IQR) Alberta 5 (3–10) 5 (3–10) 6 (3–10) 6 (3–10) NA 5 (3–10) 0.8 Ontario 6 (3–11) 6 (3–11) 6 (3–11) 7 (3–12) 6 (2–11) 6 (3–12) < 0.0001 Note: CABG = coronary artery bypass graft, CAD = coronary artery disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR = interquartile range, MI = myocardial infarction, NA = not available, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, TIA = transient ischemic attack.
↵* Cells with values of less than 5 have been suppressed for privacy reasons.
- Table 3:
Outcome associations during wave 3, stratified by variant of concern and vaccination status*
Variable All-cause hospitalization, aOR (95% CI) Death, aOR (95% CI) Alberta Ontario Pooled Alberta Ontario Pooled Variant of concern Wild-type Reference Alpha variant 1.86 (1.73–2.00) 1.48 (1.41–1.56) 1.59 (1.53–1.66) 1.64 (1.32–2.04) 1.19 (1.05–1.35) 1.29 (1.16–1.44) Delta variant 2.7 (1.91–3.81) 1.76 (1.52–2.04) 1.88 (1.64–2.15) 4.97 (2.37–10.43) 1.67 (1.17–2.38) 2.05 (1.49–2.82) Vaccination status Unvaccinated Reference Partially vaccinated 0.44 (0.38–0.51) 0.42 (0.39–0.44) 0.42 (0.40–0.45) 0.61 (0.46–0.81) 0.40 (0.35–0.46) 0.43 (0.38–0.49) Fully vaccinated 0.55 (0.36–0.83) 0.18 (0.15–0.22) 0.22 (0.18–0.26) 0.98 (0.55–1.77) 0.33 (0.25–0.45) 0.41 (0.32–0.53) Note: aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.
↵* Adjusted for age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.