Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Figure 1
Identification of eligible studies. MCI = mild cognitive impairment, RCT = randomized controlled trial.
- Figure 2
Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on patient cognition as assessed by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognition subscale. CI = confidence interval, MD = mean difference.
- Figure 3
Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on patient cognition as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. CI = confidence interval, MD = mean difference.
- Figure 4
Serious adverse events associated with the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with mild cognitive impairment. CI = confidence interval.
Tables
Study No. of participants Intervention Follow-up de Jager et al.26 N = 271
Intervention: n =138
Control: n = 133Daily dose of TrioBe Plus W containing folic acid (0.8 mg), cyanocobalamin (0.5 mg) and pyridoxine HCl (20 mg) for 24 mo Immediate postintervention Doody et al.24 N = 821
Intervention: n = 409
Control: n = 41Donepezil (5 mg/day for 6 wk, 10 mg/day for 42 wk); total duration of interview was 48 wk Immediate postintervention Feldman et al.16 N = 1018
Intervention: n = 508
Control: n = 510Rivastigmine (3-12 mg daily) for up to 48 mo Immediate postintervention Lee et al.22 N = 36
Intervention: n = 18
Control: n = 18Three 1-g soft gelatine capsules each day, each containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 430 mg) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 150 mg); total dosage for the fish oil group was about 1.3 g DHA and 0.45 mg EPA daily for 12 mo Immediate postintervention Naeini et al.23 N = 256
Intervention: n = 127
Control: n = 129Vitamin E (300 mg daily) plus vitamin C (400 mg daily) for 12 mo Immediate postintervention Petersen et al.27 N=769
Intervention 1: n = 253
Intervention 2: n = 257
Control: n = 259Intervention 1 (donepezil, placebo Vitamin E and multivitamin): initial dose of 5 mg daily; increased to 10 mg daily after 6 wk for 36 mo
Intervention 2 (vitamin E, placebo donepezil, multivitamin): initial dose of vitamin E of 1000 IU daily; increased to 2000 IU daily after 6 wk for 36 moImmediate postintervention Rojas et al.21 N = 46
Intervention: n = 24
Control: n = 22Cognitive stimulation training sessions and cognitive training delivered by two experienced neurophysiologists in 2 weekly group (4-5 participants) sessions of 120 min at hospital-based outpatient memory clinics over 6 mo 6 mo Suzuki et al.18 N = 50
Intervention: n = 25
Control: n = 25Multicomponent exercise group under the supervision of physiotherapists for 90 min/d, 2 d/wk, for a total of 80 times over 12 mo Immediate postintervention Suzuki et al.25 N = 100
Intervention: n = 50
Control: n = 50Six-month, multicomponent exercise program including biweekly 90-min sessions involving aerobic exercise, muscle strength training, postural balance retraining, and dual-task training, and focus on promoting exercise and behaviour change Immediate postintervention Tsolaki et al.19 N = 196
Intervention: n =1 22
Control: n = 79Therapeutic Techniques of nPhTh: holistic approach including cognitive training, cognitive stimulation and psychotherapeutic techniques for 6 mo Immediate postintervention Wei et al.20 N = 60
Intervention: n = 30
Control: n = 30Two groups (15 participants per group) exercised under the supervision of trained nurses for 30 min/d, 5 d/wk, for a total of 120 times over 6 mo Immediate postintervention Winblad et al.17 Study 1: N = 990
Intervention: n = 494
Control: n = 496
Study 2: N = 1058
Intervention: n = 532
Control: n = 526Galantamine was administered at 4 mg twice daily for 1 mo, then 8 mg twice daily for 1 mo; If well-tolerated, the dosage would be titrated to 12 mg twice daily but would be lowered back to 8 mg twice daily after 1 mo if necessary; the dosage selected at month 3 (8 or 12 mg twice daily) was fixed for the remainder of the 24-mo study Immediate postintervention - Table 2: Appraisal of the risk of bias of the included studies using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool
Study Sequence generation Allocation concealment Blinding Incomplete outcome data Selective reporting Other Overall Doody et al.24 L L L L L H L Feldman et al.16 L L L H L H U Petersen et al.27 U U L L L L U Salloway et al.28 U U L H L H U Winblad et al.17 U U L L L H U Suzuki et al.18 U U L L L H U Tsai et al.29 L U L L L H U de Jager et al.26 L L L L L U L Tsolaki et al.19 U U U L L L U van Uffelen et al.30 L L L L L H L Wei et al.20 U U H U L U U Suzuki et al.25 L L L L L L L Rojas et al.21 U U L H L H U Lee et al.22 L U L L L H U Naeini et al.23 U U L L L L U Rondanelli et al.31 U U L L L H U Yakoot et al.32 L L L L L H L Note: H = high, L = low, U = unclear.
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