The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks: prevalence and key correlates among Canadian high school students

Sunday Azagba; Don Langille; Mark Asbridge

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20120017

Article Figures & Tables

Figures

Tables

Download figure
Open in new tab
Download powerpoint
Figure 1:
Prevalence of consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks by sex, grade level and ethnic origin.
Download figure
Open in new tab
Download powerpoint
Figure 2:
Prevalence of consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks by province of residence.

Tables

Figures

View popup

Table 1: Weighted characteristics of students in grades 7 to 12 who participated in the 2010/2011 Youth Smoking Survey

Characteristic	% of students*
Characteristic	Total, n = 36 155	Male, n = 17 439	Female, n = 18 716
Grade level
7	15.3	15.2	15.5
8	16.0	16.0	16.0
9	16.9	17.0	16.9
10	17.5	17.8	17.2
11	17.6	17.5	17.7
12	16.6	16.5	16.7
Ethnic origin
White	68.9	69.2	68.6
Asian	12.3	11.9	12.6
Aboriginal	3.3	3.5	3.2
Black	3.1	3.3	2.9
Other	12.4	12.1	12.7
Risk-taking behaviours
Smoker	8.1	9.5	6.8
Nonsmoker	91.9	90.5	93.2
Heavy drinking	18.7	20.5	16.9
Less heavy drinking	29.8	28.8	30.7
No drinking	51.5	50.6	52.4
Marijuana use	20.4	22.3	18.4
No marijuana use	79.6	77.7	81.6
Individual school measures
Grade average ≥ 70%	75.4	70.9	80.0
Grade average < 70%	24.6	29.1	20.0
School connectedness, mean score out of 24	19.1	19.1	19.1
Absence from school ≥ 3 days	10.2	10.4	10.1
Absence from school 1–2 days	14.9	14.2	15.6
No absence from school	74.7	75.3	74.1
School team sports	48.5	52.9	43.9
No school team sports	51.5	47.1	56.1
Weekly spending money
≥ $40	19.6	19.9	19.3
< $40	68.0	69.2	66.7
Unknown	12.4	10.9	13.9
Province of residence
Newfoundland and Labrador	1.5	1.3	1.6
Prince Edward Island	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nova Scotia	2.7	2.7	2.8
Quebec	19.9	20.1	19.7
Ontario	43.2	43.4	43.0
Manitoba	3.9	3.9	4.0
Saskatchewan	3.2	3.1	3.2
Alberta	12.1	11.9	12.4
British Columbia	13.0	13.1	12.8

*Unless stated otherwise.

View popup

Table 2: Logistic regression models* of consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks among students in grades 7 to 12, by sex, grade level, ethnic origin, risk-taking behaviours, school measures, weekly spending money and province of residence

Variable	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Sex
Male	1.07 (0.93–1.23)	1.08 (0.94–1.24)	1.09 (0.94–1.25)
Female	1	1	1
Grade level
7	0.65 (0.50–0.86)	1.49 (1.10–2.01)	1.63 (1.22–2.20)
8	0.79 (0.62–1.02)	1.40 (1.06–1.84)	1.52 (1.15–2.01)
9	0.85 (0.67–1.08)	1.14 (0.89–1.47)	1.24 (0.96–1.60)
10	0.73 (0.58–0.92)	0.84 (0.66–1.07)	0.89 (0.70–1.14)
11	0.87 (0.69–1.09)	0.86 (0.68–1.08)	0.90 (0.72–1.14)
12	1	1	1
Ethnic origin
Asian	0.60 (0.42–0.86)	0.89 (0.62–1.27)	0.88 (0.62–1.26)
Aboriginal	1.25 (1.00–1.66)	1.25 (0.98–1.61)	1.23 (0.95–1.57)
Black	1.05 (0.68–1.65)	1.48 (0.93–2.37)	1.48 (0.93–2.35)
Other	1.01 (0.82–1.25)	1.32 (1.05–1.66)	1.30 (1.03–1.64)
White	1	1	1
Risk-taking behaviours
Current smoker	2.01 (1.54–2.64)	1.51 (1.18–1.94)	1.52 (1.19–1.95)
Nonsmoker	1	1	1
Heavy drinking		3.40 (2.83–4.08)	3.41 (2.84–4.09)
No drinking		0.26 (0.21–0.32)	0.25 (0.21–0.30)
Light drinking	1	1	1
Marijuana use	4.49 (3.80–5.31)	2.30 (1.91–2.77)	2.29 (1.90–2.76)
No marijuana use	1	1	1
Individual school measures
Grade average ≥ 70%	0.76 (0.65–0.89)	0.79 (0.67–0.93)	0.80 (0.68–0.94)
Grade average < 70%	1	1	1
School connectedness	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	0.95 (0.93–0.97)	0.96 (0.93–0.98)
Absence from school ≥ 3 days	2.70 (2.16–3.37)	2.00 (1.56–2.57)	2.06 (1.60–2.65)
Absence from school 1–2 days	1.66 (1.36–2.02)	1.24 (1.03–1.50)	1.26 (1.04–1.52)
No absence from school	1	1	1
School team sports	1.29 (1.12–1.48)	1.17 (1.01–1.35)	1.16 (1.01–1.34)
No school team sports	1	1	1
Weekly spending money
≥ $40	1.51 (1.26–1.79)	1.51 (1.26–1.79)	1.51 (1.27–1.80)
Unknown	1.14 (0.88–1.47)	1.07 (0.85–1.35)	1.06 (0.84–1.34)
< 40	1	1	1
Province of residence
Newfoundland and Labrador			0.82 (0.71–0.95)
Prince Edward Island			0.66 (0.56–0.78)
Quebec			0.70 (0.57–0.86)
Ontario			0.87 (0.75–1.00)
Manitoba			0.65 (0.57–0.76)
Saskatchewan			0.64 (0.52–0.78)
Alberta			0.98 (0.78–1.22)
British Columbia			0.96 (0.80–1.15)
Nova Scotia			1
Observations	36 709	36 155	36 155

Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio.  *Model 1 included all covariates with the exception of heavy drinking and province of residence. Model 2 added heavy drinking to the analysis, and model 3 added province of residence.