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Research

The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks: prevalence and key correlates among Canadian high school students

Sunday Azagba, Don Langille and Mark Asbridge
January 17, 2013 1 (1) E19-E26; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20120017
Sunday Azagba
1From the Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
PhD
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Don Langille
1From the Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
MDMHSc
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Mark Asbridge
1From the Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
PhD
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    Figure 1:

    Prevalence of consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks by sex, grade level and ethnic origin.

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    Figure 2:

    Prevalence of consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks by province of residence.

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    Table 1: Weighted characteristics of students in grades 7 to 12 who participated in the 2010/2011 Youth Smoking Survey
    Characteristic% of students*
    Total, n = 36 155Male, n = 17 439Female, n = 18 716
    Grade level
    715.315.215.5
    816.016.016.0
    916.917.016.9
    1017.517.817.2
    1117.617.517.7
    1216.616.516.7
    Ethnic origin
    White68.969.268.6
    Asian12.311.912.6
    Aboriginal3.33.53.2
    Black3.13.32.9
    Other12.412.112.7
    Risk-taking behaviours
    Smoker8.19.56.8
    Nonsmoker91.990.593.2
    Heavy drinking18.720.516.9
    Less heavy drinking29.828.830.7
    No drinking51.550.652.4
    Marijuana use20.422.318.4
    No marijuana use79.677.781.6
    Individual school measures
    Grade average ≥ 70%75.470.980.0
    Grade average < 70%24.629.120.0
    School connectedness, mean score out of 2419.119.119.1
    Absence from school ≥ 3 days10.210.410.1
    Absence from school 1–2 days14.914.215.6
    No absence from school74.775.374.1
    School team sports48.552.943.9
    No school team sports51.547.156.1
    Weekly spending money
    ≥ $4019.619.919.3
    < $4068.069.266.7
    Unknown12.410.913.9
    Province of residence
    Newfoundland and Labrador1.51.31.6
    Prince Edward Island0.50.50.5
    Nova Scotia2.72.72.8
    Quebec19.920.119.7
    Ontario43.243.443.0
    Manitoba3.93.94.0
    Saskatchewan3.23.13.2
    Alberta12.111.912.4
    British Columbia13.013.112.8

    *Unless stated otherwise.

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      Table 2: Logistic regression models* of consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks among students in grades 7 to 12, by sex, grade level, ethnic origin, risk-taking behaviours, school measures, weekly spending money and province of residence
      VariableAdjusted OR (95% CI)
      Model 1Model 2Model 3
      Sex
      Male1.07 (0.93–1.23)1.08 (0.94–1.24)1.09 (0.94–1.25)
      Female111
      Grade level
      70.65 (0.50–0.86)1.49 (1.10–2.01)1.63 (1.22–2.20)
      80.79 (0.62–1.02)1.40 (1.06–1.84)1.52 (1.15–2.01)
      90.85 (0.67–1.08)1.14 (0.89–1.47)1.24 (0.96–1.60)
      100.73 (0.58–0.92)0.84 (0.66–1.07)0.89 (0.70–1.14)
      110.87 (0.69–1.09)0.86 (0.68–1.08)0.90 (0.72–1.14)
      12111
      Ethnic origin
      Asian0.60 (0.42–0.86)0.89 (0.62–1.27)0.88 (0.62–1.26)
      Aboriginal1.25 (1.00–1.66)1.25 (0.98–1.61)1.23 (0.95–1.57)
      Black1.05 (0.68–1.65)1.48 (0.93–2.37)1.48 (0.93–2.35)
      Other1.01 (0.82–1.25)1.32 (1.05–1.66)1.30 (1.03–1.64)
      White111
      Risk-taking behaviours
      Current smoker2.01 (1.54–2.64)1.51 (1.18–1.94)1.52 (1.19–1.95)
      Nonsmoker111
      Heavy drinking3.40 (2.83–4.08)3.41 (2.84–4.09)
      No drinking0.26 (0.21–0.32)0.25 (0.21–0.30)
      Light drinking111
      Marijuana use4.49 (3.80–5.31)2.30 (1.91–2.77)2.29 (1.90–2.76)
      No marijuana use111
      Individual school measures
      Grade average ≥ 70%0.76 (0.65–0.89)0.79 (0.67–0.93)0.80 (0.68–0.94)
      Grade average < 70%111
      School connectedness0.94 (0.92–0.96)0.95 (0.93–0.97)0.96 (0.93–0.98)
      Absence from school ≥ 3 days2.70 (2.16–3.37)2.00 (1.56–2.57)2.06 (1.60–2.65)
      Absence from school 1–2 days1.66 (1.36–2.02)1.24 (1.03–1.50)1.26 (1.04–1.52)
      No absence from school111
      School team sports1.29 (1.12–1.48)1.17 (1.01–1.35)1.16 (1.01–1.34)
      No school team sports111
      Weekly spending money
      ≥ $401.51 (1.26–1.79)1.51 (1.26–1.79)1.51 (1.27–1.80)
      Unknown1.14 (0.88–1.47)1.07 (0.85–1.35)1.06 (0.84–1.34)
      < 40111
      Province of residence
      Newfoundland and Labrador0.82 (0.71–0.95)
      Prince Edward Island0.66 (0.56–0.78)
      Quebec0.70 (0.57–0.86)
      Ontario0.87 (0.75–1.00)
      Manitoba0.65 (0.57–0.76)
      Saskatchewan0.64 (0.52–0.78)
      Alberta0.98 (0.78–1.22)
      British Columbia0.96 (0.80–1.15)
      Nova Scotia1
      Observations36 70936 15536 155

      Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio. 
*Model 1 included all covariates with the exception of heavy drinking and province of residence. Model 2 added heavy drinking to the analysis, and model 3 added province of residence.

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      The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks: prevalence and key correlates among Canadian high school students
      Sunday Azagba, Don Langille, Mark Asbridge
      Jan 2013, 1 (1) E19-E26; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20120017

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      The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks: prevalence and key correlates among Canadian high school students
      Sunday Azagba, Don Langille, Mark Asbridge
      Jan 2013, 1 (1) E19-E26; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20120017
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