Background: Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies are classified as
carcinogenic to humans (group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We …

Objective Female hormone use has recently come under intense scrutiny. To date, reports
on the relationships between oral contraceptive use and subsequent cancer development …

Although use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is common, their influence on carcinogenesis is
not fully understood. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine OC use (never/< …

Oral contraceptive use has been suggested to influence the risk of breast, ovarian, and
endometrial cancer. The purpose of this study is to clarify the time-dependent effects …

Oral contraceptive (OC) use has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer, largely on
the basis of studies conducted before 1990. In the Case-Control Surveillance Study, a US …

Background: Oral contraceptives (OC) are widely used in the United States. Although the
relation between OC use and breast cancer incidence has been widely studied, the few …

Previous studies of oral contraceptives and breast cancer indicate that recent use slightly
increases risk, but most studies relied on self-reported use and did not examine …

Objective: To estimate by meta-analysis the risk of developing cancer of the breast, uterine
cervix, endometrium, ovary, and liver from age 20-54 years in the United States in women …

Background: Previous studies convincingly showed an increase in risk of breast cancer
associated with current or recent use of oral contraceptives from the 1960s to 1980s. The …

Although oral contraceptives are protective for ovarian cancer, it is unclear how long this
protection persists. The authors prospectively assessed this question as well as associations …