Letter to the Editor
Cardiac arrest due to long QT syndrome associated with excessive consumption of energy drinks

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Cited by (53)

  • The impact of acute energy drink consumption on electrical heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    2021, Journal of Electrocardiology
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    Above the aforementioned amounts, caffeine alone can induce electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in healthy individuals, but limits have not been well-established regarding the toxic dose of EDs, as information is lacking on the synergistic effect of their combined ingredients [6]. In this sense, case reports have linked EDs and energy supplement consumption to postural tachycardia syndrome [7], atrial fibrillation [8–11], ventricular fibrillation [12], and cardiac arrest [12] in healthy adolescents and adults, as well as a ventricular arrhythmia in an individual with an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator [13], and the unmasking of Type 1 Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) in previously undiagnosed patients [14,15]. Contrasting with this, awareness of possible negative effects is low among consumers, who often show other unhealthy habits such as binge drinking and smoking [3], and, despite its potential damage, there is no specific review focused on ECG changes after ED ingestion, which have been hypothesized to contribute to the causation of several cardiovascular conditions [6,16,17].

  • Relationships between constituents of energy drinks and beating parameters in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-Derived cardiomyocytes

    2021, Food and Chemical Toxicology
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    Interestingly, the majority of human epidemiological studies and case reports identified cardiovascular adverse effects as a major health concern in young adolescents and adults (Gray et al., 2017; Kozik et al., 2016; Mangi et al., 2017; Sanchis-Gomar et al., 2016; Somers and Svatikova, 2020). Overconsumption of alcohol-laced or neat (as sold) energy drinks has also been associated with ventricular (Osman et al., 2019) and atrial (Enriquez and Frankel, 2017; Mattioli et al., 2016, 2018; Sattari et al., 2016) arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy (Belzile et al., 2020; Wajih Ullah et al., 2018), and QT prolongation syndromes (Basrai et al., 2019; Fletcher et al., 2017; Gray et al., 2017; Kozik et al., 2016; Rottlaender et al., 2012; Shah et al., 2014, 2019a; Tomcsanyi and Javor, 2015). Furthermore, acute ingestion can result in increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Elitok et al., 2015; Franks et al., 2012; Grasser et al., 2014; Hajsadeghi et al., 2016; Majeed et al., 2017; Miles-Chan et al., 2015).

  • Arrhythmogenic foods – A growing medical problem

    2020, Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
    Citation Excerpt :

    Nevertheless, better designed studies are now becoming available and we are beginning to understand their cardiovascular effects. After reports of cases with marked QTc prolongation appeared in the medical literature [26,27], a comprehensive study by Gray et al. [28] examined the effects of an energy drink in 24 patients with cLQTS and observed that three patients developed an increase in QTc greater than 50 msec. and all patients had an increase in blood pressure and heart rate.

  • A perspective on consumption of energy drinks

    2019, Sports and Energy Drinks: Volume 10: The Science of Beverages
  • Caffeine Toxicity: A Brief Review and Update

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