Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in farm cow's milk located near potential contaminant sources in Asturias (Spain). Comparison with levels found in control, rural farms and commercial pasteurized cow's milks
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Cited by (39)
Automated milk fat extraction for the analyses of persistent organic pollutants
2017, Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life SciencesFood contamination by PCBs and waste disposal crisis: Evidence from goat milk in Campania (Italy)
2017, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :In particular, when the animals are in pastures, the involuntary ingestion of soil, whose OC contamination is generally equal to, or higher than, that of grass can represent a major concern (Gworek et al., 2013). Several authors have detected higher OC concentrations in milk produced near waste incinerators or motorways or steel smelters (Ramos et al., 1997; Rychen et al., 2008; Turrio-Baldassarri et al., 2009; Desiato et al., 2014; Bertocchi et al., 2015). In the present study, we investigated whether waste of urban and industrial origins may be responsible for food contamination, by looking at PCBs (mainly non-dioxin-like PCBs) in goat milk.
Occurrence, variability and human exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in dairy products from Chile during the 2011-2013 survey
2015, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :The primary entry route of PCDD/Fs into the food chain is through atmospheric deposition of such compounds from local emission sources to pastures, and in a lesser extent from soils (Sweetman et al., 1999; Thomas et al., 1999; Rychen et al., 2005, 2006). In the case of ruminants it is established that milk and related products’ contamination events were related to cow’s: feedstuff, feeding techniques, biological cycle (Sweetman et al., 1999; Van Larebeke et al., 2001 Carvalhaes et al., 2002; Malisch, 2000; Schulz et al., 2004; Brambilla et al., 2008; Rychen et al., 2008; Hoogenboom et al., 2010; Luzardo et al., 2012; Lake et al., 2013; Shunthirasingham et al., 2013) as well as climatic and geographical conditions of animal farms (Ramos et al., 1997; Alcock et al., 1998; Schmid et al., 2003; Schulz et al., 2004; Shunthirasingham et al., 2013). This highlights the importance of assessing the spatial and temporal variability, using these assessments as an environmental monitor as well as an effective tool to identify risk areas for milk and butter contamination (Leeman et al., 2007; Shunthirasingham et al., 2013).
European developments following incidents with dioxins and PCBs in the food and feed chain
2015, Food ControlCitation Excerpt :In fact, the “new” TEFs of 2005 became effective in EU legislation only in 2012, when revised limits for food and feed were introduced, again based on existing background levels. The formation of PCDD/Fs during incineration of waste (Olie, Vermeulen, & Hutzinger, 1977) and contamination of milk and meat of animals grazing in the vicinity of the plant, was demonstrated at the end of the 1980s for large municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in Switzerland (Rappe et al., 1987) and the Netherlands (Liem, Hoogerbrugge, Kootstra, van der Velde, & de Jong, 1991), but turned out to be an issue of wider concern (Lovett, Foxall, Ball, & Creaser, 1998; Ramos et al., 1997). In the Netherlands, around 1990, several MSWIs were closed down, others were retrofitted with flue gas cleaning devices and some new MSWIs were built.
POPs in the Terrestrial Environment
2013, Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic PollutantsLevels and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sheep milk from an industrialised area of Sardinia, Italy
2012, Food and Chemical ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :Evidence for the source of the milk contamination came from the milk congener profile itself (Ramos et al., 1997; Alcock et al., 2002). In particular, data from literature report that a prevalence of PCDFs in respect of PCDDs represents the typical pattern of thermal origin contamination (Ramos et al., 1997). As highlighted by PCDD/PCDF ratio (0.66), the samples contained more furans than dioxins indicating a discrete influence of thermal processes.