Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Review of services provided by pharmacies that promote healthy living

  • Review Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background The recognition that community pharmacies have the potential to make a greater contribution to promoting public health has led to a new concept, called the Healthy Living Pharmacy (HLP). These are designed to meet public health needs through a tiered commissioning framework delivering health and well being services through community pharmacy, tailored to local requirements for tackling health inequalities. Aim To search the literature for quality evidence to support the inclusion of services in the HLP portfolio and suggest areas where more evidence is required. Method A systematic review of the research literature covering the period January 1990–August 2011 inclusive, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pharmline, NHS Evidence and the Cochrane databases. On-line searching of the grey literature (e.g. conference proceedings) was also carried out. Standard methods of assessing quality were employed. Results A total of 377 papers were included. Over time, there was a marked increase in frequency of publications reflecting a growing pharmacy interest in the public healthcare agenda; over a third (35 %) of papers appeared in the last three-year study period. The body of research had a wide geographical basis; contributions were as follows: UK (51.5 %), US (20.4 %), Australia/New Zealand (9.8 %), Europe (7.7 %) and Canada (7.2 %). The topics of contraception, cardiovascular disease prevention, diabetes and smoking cessation accounted for 40 % of included papers. The literature supports the introduction of specific community pharmacy services, targeted at customer groups, both with and without pre-existing diseases. Good evidence exists for smoking cessation, cardiovascular disease prevention, hypertension and diabetes. Some good evidence exists for interventions on asthma and heart failure. The evidence supporting weight management, sexual health, osteoporosis detection, substance abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is weak and needs development. Conclusion There is strong evidence for the role of community pharmacy in a range of services, not only aimed at improving general health, but also maintaining the health of those with existing disease. In other areas, the evidence is less strong and further research is required to justify their inclusion in a HLP portfolio.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Department of Health. Tackling health inequalities: a programme for action. London: Department of Health 2003. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4008268. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  2. Department of Health. Vision for pharmacy in the new NHS. Department of Health, London 2003. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4070097. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  3. Department of Health. Choosing health through pharmacy—a programme for pharmaceutical public health 2005–2015, 2005. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4107494. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  4. Department of Health. Supporting people with long term conditions to self care: a guide to developing local strategies and good practice 2006. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4130725. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  5. Department of Health. Pharmacy in England: building on strengths, delivering the future 2008. Available at http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm73/7341/7341.asp. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  6. Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A, Armstrong M. The contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health. Report 1: evidence from the peer-reviewed literature 1990–2001, 2003. Available at http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1571/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012.

  7. Blenkinsopp A, Anderson C, Armstrong M. The contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health. Report 2: evidence from the UK non peer-reviewed literature 1990–2002, 2003. Available at http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1572/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012.

  8. Armstrong M, Lewis R, Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A. The contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health. Report 3, an overview of evidence base from 1990–2002, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1573/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012.

  9. Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A, Bissell P, Armstrong,M. The contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health. Report 4: local examples of service provision 2005. Available at http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1574/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012.

  10. Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A, Armstrong M. The contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health: literature review update 2004–2007, 2008. Available at http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1575/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012.

  11. Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A, Armstrong M. The contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public’s health: summary report of the literature review 1990–2007, 2009. Available at http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1576/. Accessed 30 Jan 2012.

  12. Department of Health. National Service Framework for older people in London 2001. Available at http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4071283.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  13. Maguire TA, McElnay JC, Drummond A. A randomised controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention based in community pharmacies. Addiction. 2001;96:325–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Vial RJ, Jones TE, Ruffin RE, Gilbert AL. Smoking cessation program using nicotine patches linking hospital to the community. J Pharm Pract Res. 2002;32(1):57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dent LA, Harris KJ, Noonan CW. Randomised trial assessing the effectiveness of a pharmacist-delivered program for smoking cessation. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(2):194–210.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Crealey G, McElnay JC, Maguire TA. Costs and effects associated with a community pharmacy based smoking cessation programme. Pharmacoeconomics. 1998;12:323–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sinclair H, Silcock J, Bond CM, Lennox S, Winfield AJ. The cost-effectiveness of intensive pharmaceutical intervention in assisting people to stop smoking. Int J Pharm Pract. 1999;7:107–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sinclair HK, Bond CM, Lennox AS, Silcock J, Winfield AJ, Donnan PT. Training pharmacists and pharmacy assistants in the stage of change model of smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial in Scotland. Tobacco Control. 1998;7:253–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sinclair HK, Bond CM, Stead LF. Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008, Issue 1. http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD003698/frame.html. Accessed 8 Dec 2011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003698.pub2.

  20. Machado M, Nassor N, Bajcar JM, Guzzo GC, Einarson TR. Sensitivity of patient outcomes to pharmacist interventions. Part III: systematic review and meta-analysis in hyperlipidemia management. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(9):1195–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Blenkinsopp A, Anderson C, Armstrong M. Systematic review of the effectiveness of community pharmacy-based interventions to reduce risk behaviours and risk factors for coronary heart disease. J Pub Health Med. 2003;25(2):144–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nola KM, Gourley DR, Portner TS, Gourley K, Solomon DK, Elam M, Regel B. (2000) Clinical and humanistic outcomes of a lipid management programme in the community pharmacy setting. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2000;40:166–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Simpson SA, Johnson JA, Tsuyuki RT. Economic impact of community pharmacist intervention in cholesterol risk management: an evaluation of the study of cardiovascular risk intervention by pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy. 2001;21(5):627–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tsuyuki RT, Johnson JA, Teo KK, Simpson SH, Ackman ML, Biggs RS. A randomised trial of the effect of community pharmacy intervention on cholesterol risk: the study of cardiovascular risk intervention by pharmacists (SCRIP). Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(10):1149–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Glynn LG, Murphy AW, Smith M, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Interventions to improve blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, CD005182 2008. Available at http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD005182/frame.html. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  26. Machado M, Bajcar J, Guzzo GC, Einarson TR. Sensitivity of patient outcomes to pharmacist interventions. Part II: systematic review and meta-analysis in hypertension management. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(11):1770–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Carter BL, Rogers M, Daly J, Zheng S, James P. The potency of team-based care interventions in hypertension. Arch Int Med. 2009;169(19):1748–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Carter BL, Ardery G, Dawson J, James PA, Bergus G, Doucette WR, Chrischilles EA, Franciscus CL. Physician and pharmacists collaboration in improved blood pressure control. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(21):1996–2002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jones C, Simpson SH, Mitchell D, Haggerty S, Campbell N, Then K. Enhancing hypertension awareness and management in the elderly: lessons learned from the Airdrie Community Hypertension Awareness and Management Program (A-CHAMP). Can J Cardiol. 2008;24(7):561–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Botomino A, Bruppacher R, Krahenbuehl S, Hersberger KE. Change of body weight and lifestyle of persons at risk for diabetes after screening and counselling in pharmacies. Pharm World Sci. 2007;30:222–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Blenkinsopp A, Anderson C, Armstrong M. Community pharmacy’s contribution to improving the public’s health: the case of weight management. Int J Pharm Pract. 2008;16:123–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Machado M, Bajcar J, Guzzo GC, Einarson TR. Sensitivity of patient outcomes to pharmacist interventions. Part I: systematic review and meta-analysis in diabetes management. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41:1569–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wubben DP, Vivian EM. Effects of pharmacist outpatient interventions on adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy. 2008;28(4):421–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fornos JA, Andres NF, Andres JC, Guerra MM, Egea B. A pharmacotherapy follow-up programme in patients with Type-2 diabetes in community pharmacies in Spain. Pharm World Sci. 2006;28(2):65–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Anaya JP, Rivera JO, Lawson K, Garcia J, Luna J, Oritz M. Evaluation of pharmacist-managed diabetes mellitus under a collaborative drug therapy agreement. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(19):1841–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Krass I, Armour CL, Mitchell B, Brillant M, Dienaar R, Hughes J, Lau P, Peterson G, Stewart K, Taylor S, Wilkinson J. The Pharmacy Diabetes Care Program: assessment of a community pharmacy diabetes service model in Australia. Diabet Med. 2007;24:677–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. McLean DL, McAllister FA, Johnson JA, King KM, Makowsky MJ, Jones CA, Tsuyuki RT. A randomized trial of the effect of community pharmacist and nurse care on improving blood pressure management in patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Int Med. 2008;168(21):2355–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Planas LG, Crosby KM, Mitchell KD, Farmer KC. Evaluation of hypertension medication therapy management programmes in patients with diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2009;49(2):164–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Newbould J, Taylor D. Living with plenty: meeting the challenges of diabetes—the twenty first century role of pharmacy and pharmaceutical innovation in the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. School of Pharmacy, University of London 2008. Available at http://www.pharmacy.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/News/Living_with_Plenty.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  40. Benavides S, Rodriguez JC, Manuscalco-Feichtl M. Pharmacist involvement in improving asthma outcomes in various healthcare settings: 1997 to present. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(1):85–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Mehuys E, Van Bortel L, De Bolle L, Van Tongelen I, Annemans L, Remon JP, Brusselle G. Effectiveness of pharmacist intervention for asthma control improvement. Eur Resp J. 2008;31(4):790–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bereznicki BJ, Peterson GM, Jackson SL, Walters H, Fitzmaurice K, Gee P. Pharmacist-initiated general practitioner referral of patients with suboptimal asthma management. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30(6):869–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bunting BA, Cranor CW. The Asheville Project: long-term clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of a community-based medication therapy management program for asthma. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2006;46(2):133–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kritikos V, Armour CL, Bosnic-Anticevich SZ. Interactive small-group asthma education in the community pharmacy setting: a pilot study. J Asthma. 2007;44(1):57–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Saini B, Filipovska F, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Taylo S, Krass I, Armour C. An evaluation of a community pharmacy-based rural asthma management service. Aust J Rural Health. 2008;16(2):100–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Basheti IA, Armour CL, Bosnich-Anticevich SZ, Reddel HK. Evaluation of a novel educational strategy, including inhaler-based reminder labels, to improve asthma inhaler technique. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;72(1):26–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Koshman SL, Charrois TL, Simpson SH, McAlister FA, Tsuyuki RT. Pharmacist care of patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(7):687–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Castillo D, Guayta R, Giner J, Burgos F, Capdevila C, Soranio JB. COPD case finding by spirometry in high-risk customers of urban community pharmacies: a pilot study. Resp Med. 2009;103:839–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Efthymiou N, Crampton R. Establishing an anticoagulation service in community pharmacy. Pharmacy Management. 2007;23(4):10–5.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hogue MD, Grabenstein JD, Foster SL, Rothholz MC. Pharmacist involvement with immunizations: a decade of professional advancement. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2006;46(2):168–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Marrero W, Hernandez L, Garcia R, Gutierrez LM. A programme of immunisation against influenza in adults aged 65 years or older in one community pharmacy in Puerto Rica. Puerto Rico Health Sci J. 2006;25(1):35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Fuchs J. The provision of pharmaceutical advice improves patient vaccination status. Pharm Pract. 2006;4(4):163–7.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Noble K, Holden M, Warner GA. solution to improving uptake of hepatitis B immunisation in at risk groups, through collaboration and adopting an integrated approach with pharmacists as service providers. Int J Pharm Pract. 2010;18(2):43.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Landau SC, Tapias MP, McGhee BT. Birth control within each: a national survey of women’s attitudes to, and interest in pharmacy access to hormonal contraception. Contraception. 2006;74(6):463–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. McAllister KF, Elliott L, Thomson DA, Bigrigg A, Mackie CM. Evaluation of a young person’s sexual health service in a commercial setting. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2002;28(4):203–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mackie CM, Elliott L, Bigrigg A, McAllister KF. Public and private collaboration in establishing a young person’s sexual health clinic in a commercial setting. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2002;28(4):201–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Van Bergen J, Postma M, Peerbooms P, Spangenberg A, Tjen-ATak J, Bindels P. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a pharmacy-based screening programme for Chlamydia trachomatisin a high-risk health centre population in Amsterdam using mailed home-collected urine samples. Int J STD AIDS. 2004;15:791–802.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Baraitser P, Pearce V, Holmes J, Horne N, Boynton PM. Chlamydia testing in community pharmacies: evaluation of a feasibility pilot in south east London. Qual Saf Health Care. 2007;16:303–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Dabrera G, Pinson D, Whiteman S. Chlamydia screening by community pharmacists: a qualitative study. J Fam Plan Reprod Health Care. 2011;37(1):17–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Brabin L, Thomas G, Hopkins M, O’Brien K, Roberts SA. Delivery of Chlamydia screening to young women requesting emergency hormonal contraception at pharmacies in Manchester, UK: a prospective study. BMC Women’s Health. 2009;9:7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. National Audit Office. Department of health—young people’s sexual health: the National Chlamydia screening programme 2009. Available at http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0809/young_peoples_sexual_health.aspx. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  62. Anderson C, Blenkinsopp A. Community pharmacy supply of emergency hormonal contraception: a structured literature review of international evidence. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(1):272–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Raine TR, Harper CC, Rocca CH, Fischer R, Padian N, Klausner JD, Darney PD. Direct access to emergency contraception through pharmacies and effect on unintended pregnancies and STIs: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293:54–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Marston C, Meltzer M, Majeed A. Impact on contraceptive practice of making emergency hormonal contraception available over the counter in Great Britain: repeated cross sectional surveys. BMJ. 2005;331:271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Britton R, Scott J. Community pharmacy services to drug misusers in the south west of England: results of the 2003–2004 postal survey. Int J Pharm Pract. 2006;14:235–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Matheson C, Bond CM, Tinelli M. Community pharmacy harm reduction services for drug misusers: national service delivery and professional attitude development over a decade in Scotland. J Public Health. 2007;29(4):350–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Lawrie T, Matheson C, Bond CM, Roberts K. Pharmacy customers’ views and experiences of using pharmacies which provide drug misuse services. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2004;23(2):195–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Sheridan J, Manning V, Ridge G, Mayet S, Strang J. Community pharmacies and the provision of opioid substitution services for drug misusers: changes in activity and attitudes of community pharmacists across England 1995–2005. Addiction. 2007;102(11):1824–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Jaffray M, Matheson C, Bond CM, Lee AJ, McLernon DJ, Johnstone A, Davidson B, Skea L. A cluster randomised trial of enhanced pharmacy services (EPS) to improve outcomes for patients on methadone maintenance therapy. Int J Pharm Pract. 2011;19(S1):4.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Cameron J, Gilchrist G, Roberts K. Needle exchange services: a profile of service users in community pharmacies and other settings. Int J Pharm Pract. 2004;12:211–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Watson MC, Inch M, Jaffray M, Stewart D. Screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse delivered in a community pharmacy setting: a pilot study. Int J Pharm Pract. 2011;19(1):5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Watson MC, Blenkinsopp A. The feasibility of providing community pharmacy-based services for alcohol misuse: a literature review. Int J Pharm Pract. 2009;17(4):199–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. McCaig D, Fitzgerald N, Stewart D. Provision of advice on alcohol use in community pharmacy: a cross-sectional survey of pharmacists’ practice, knowledge, views and confidence. Int J Pharm Pract. 2010;19:171–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Horsfield E, Sheridan J, Anderson C. What do community pharmacists think about undertaking screening and brief interventions with problem drinkers? Results of a qualitative study in New Zealand and England. Int J Pharm Pract. 2010;19:192–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Sheridan J, Wheeler A, Chen L. Screening and brief interventions for alcohol: attitudes, knowledge and experience of community pharmacists in Auckland. N Z Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008;27(4):380–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Fitzgerald N, McCaig DJ, Watson H, Thomson D, Stewart DC. Development, implementation and evaluation of a pilot project to deliver interventions on alcohol issues in community pharmacies. Int J Pharm Pract. 2008;16(1):17–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Cerulli J, Zeolla MM. Impact and feasibility of a community pharmacy bone mineral density screening and education program. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2004;44(2):161–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Lata PF, Binkley NC, Elliott ME. Acceptability of pharmacy-based bone density measurement by women and primary healthcare providers. Menopause. 2002;9(6):449–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Elliott ME, Meek PD, Kanous NL, Schill GR, Weinswig PA, Bohlman JP. Osteoporosis screening by community pharmacists: use of National Osteoporosis Foundation resources. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002;42(1):101–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. MacLaughlin EJ, MacLaughlin AA, Snella KA, Winston TS, Fike DS, Raehl CR. Osteoporosis screening and education in community pharmacies using a team approach. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(3):379–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Summers KM, Brock TP. Impact of pharmacist-led community bone mineral density screenings. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:243–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Naunton M, Peterson GM, Jones G. Pharmacist-provided quantitative heel ultrasound screening for rural women at risk of osteoporosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40(1):38–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Johnson JF, Koenigsfeld C, Hughell L, Parsa RA, Bravard S. Bone health screening, education and referral project in northwest Iowa: creating a model for community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2008;48(3):379–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Crockett JA, Taylor SJ, McLeod LJ. Patient responses to an integrated service, initiated by community pharmacists, for the prevention of osteoporosis. Int J Pharm Pract. 2008;16(2):65–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Youssef S. Patients taking warfarin: problems revealed by medicines use reviews. Pharm J. 2008;280:662.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Portlock J, Holden M, Patel S. A community pharmacy asthma MUR project in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Pharm J. 2009;282:109–12.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Webb M. Rapid review of the evidence on the effectiveness of community pharmacy minor ailment schemes. National Public Health Service for Wales, September 2007, 2007. Available at http://www2.nphs.wales.nhs.uk:8080/pharmaceuticalphtdocs.nsf/($all)/53dc35520a7dddc08025736f00471a11/$file/lit%20review%20minor%20ailments%20v6.doc. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  88. Anonymous. Pharmaceutical needs assessment (PNA). Heart of Birmingham Teaching Primary Care Trust, Birmingham 2010.

  89. Blenkinsopp A, Noyce PR. Minor illness management in primary care: a review of community pharmacy NHS schemes. Department of Medicines Management, University of Keele 2002. Available at http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/mm/Publications/documents/MinorIllnessDec2002.pdf. Accessed 8 Dec 2011.

  90. Blenkinsopp A, Holmes J, Mitra G, Pringle M. Joining up self-care: evaluation of a PCT-wide programme of support for self-care. Primary Health Care Res Devel. 2009;10:83–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Hind C, Bond C, Lee A, van Teijlingen E. Travel medicine services from community pharmacy: evaluation of a pilot service. Pharm J. 2008;281:625–8.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Maunder PEV, Landes DP. An evaluation of the role played by community pharmacies in oral healthcare situated in a primary care trust in the north of England. Br Dent J. 2005;199(4):219–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ewan D. Evaluation of mental health care interventions made by three community pharmacists. Int J Pharm Pract. 2001;9:225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Valenstein M, Kavanagh J, Lee T, Reilly P, Dalack W, Grabowsy J. Using a pharmacy-based intervention to improve antipsychotic adherence among patients with serious mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 2009;37(4):727–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Aryana M, Coggins N, Hudson S, McKellar S, Grant E, Bryson S, Edwards N. Evaluation of a pharmacy-led community based, health information network to promote cancer prevention. Pharm World Sci. 2009;31(1):46–7.

    Google Scholar 

  96. McGuire TR, Leypoldt M, Narducci WA, Ward K. Accessing rural populations: role of the community pharmacist in a breast and cervical cancer screening programme. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007;13(1):146–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Anonymous. Patients invited to walk to health by pharmacists in Norfolk initiative. Pharm J. 2008; 281–410.

  98. Anderson C, Rajyaguru R. The role of community pharmacists and medicines counter assistants in health promotion: reflections from a folic acid campaign. Int J Pharm Pract. 2002;3:17–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Jong-Van De, den Berg LTW. Monitoring of the folic acid supplementation program in the Netherlands. Food Nutr Bull. 2008;29(2):S210–3.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Meijer WM, de Smit DJ, Jurgens RA, Van den Berg LTW de Jong. Improved preconceptional use of folic acid after patient education in pharmacies: promising results of a pilot study in the Netherlands. Int J Pharm Pract. 2005;13(1):47–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Professor Claire Anderson of the School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham and Professor Alison Blenkinsopp of the School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford for suggestions on search strategy and comments on earlier drafts of this work. We also want to thank Ms Angela Badiani, Principal Pharmacist, Medicines Information, University Hospitals Southampton, for conducting the systematic literature searches.

Funding

This research was funded in part by a grant from the UK Department of Health.

Conflicts of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK

    David Brown

  2. School of Pharmacy, University College, London, UK

    Jane Portlock

  3. School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK

    Paul Rutter

Authors
  1. David Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jane Portlock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul Rutter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Brown.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brown, D., Portlock, J. & Rutter, P. Review of services provided by pharmacies that promote healthy living. Int J Clin Pharm 34, 399–409 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9634-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-012-9634-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation