Patient and surgical characteristics of adult Albertans at low risk who underwent elective noncardiac surgery between 2011/12 and 2018/19, by preoperative noninvasive cardiac tests within 6 months of the index procedure
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients/operations* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Advanced tests only† | Electrocardiography only | No test | |
| Patients | ||||
| No. of patients | 798 599 | 21 787 | 118 923 | 657 889 |
| Age, mean ± SD, yr | 47.9 ± 17.0 | 58.7 ± 15.3 | 57.7 ± 14.5 | 45.8 ± 16.8 |
| Age category, yr | ||||
| < 40 | 293 926 (36.8) | 2885 (13.2) | 14 785 (12.4) | 276 256 (42.0) |
| 40–49 | 144 349 (18.1) | 2925 (13.4) | 17 699 (14.9) | 123 725 (18.8) |
| 50–59 | 151 177 (18.9) | 4987 (22.9) | 31 346 (26.4) | 114 844 (17.5) |
| 60–69 | 115 147 (14.2) | 5508 (25.3) | 31 123 (26.2) | 78 516 (11.9) |
| ≥ 70 | 90 931 (11.4) | 5412 (24.8) | 23 824 (20.0) | 61 695 (9.4) |
| Missing | 3069 (0.4) | 70 (0.3) | 146 (0.1) | 2853 (0.4) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 427 891 (53.6) | 12 761 (58.6) | 66 358 (55.8) | 348 772 (53.0) |
| Male | 367 639 (46.0) | 8956 (41.1) | 52 419 (44.1) | 306 264 (46.6) |
| Missing | 3069 (0.4) | 70 (0.3) | 146 (0.1) | 2853 (0.4) |
| Income quintile | ||||
| 1st (lowest) | 170 481 (21.4) | 4701 (21.6) | 23 696 (19.9) | 142 084 (21.6) |
| 2nd | 167 606 (21.0) | 4553 (20.9) | 25 340 (21.3) | 137 713 (20.9) |
| 3rd | 153 408 (19.2) | 4149 (19.0) | 22 471 (18.9) | 126 788 (19.3) |
| 4th | 146 729 (18.4) | 3923 (18.0) | 21 962 (18.5) | 120 884 (18.4) |
| 5th (highest) | 147 012 (18.4) | 4140 (19.0) | 24 243 (20.4) | 118 629 (18.0) |
| Missing | 13 362 (1.6) | 321 (1.5) | 1211 (1.0) | 11 831 (1.8) |
| Location | ||||
| Urban | 673 992 (84.4) | 19 057 (87.5) | 110 082 (92.6) | 544 854 (82.8) |
| Rural | 119 038 (14.9) | 2595 (11.9) | 8407 (7.1) | 108 036 (16.4) |
| Missing | 5568 (0.7) | 135 (0.6) | 434 (0.4) | 4999 (0.8) |
| No. of elective noncardiac operations | ||||
| 1 | 610 625 (76.5) | 11 701 (53.7) | 73 524 (61.8) | 525 400 (79.9) |
| 2 | 142 935 (17.9) | 6521 (29.9) | 31 867 (26.8) | 104 556 (15.9) |
| ≥ 3 | 45 039 (5.6) | 3574 (16.4) | 13 532 (11.4) | 27 933 (4.3) |
| No. of comorbidities‡ | ||||
| 0 | 349 326 (43.7) | 4447 (20.4) | 31 763 (26.7) | 313 116 (47.6) |
| 1 | 222 765 (27.9) | 6220 (28.6) | 37 176 (31.3) | 179 369 (27.3) |
| 2 | 127 074 (15.9) | 5377 (24.7) | 27 191 (22.9) | 94 506 (14.4) |
| ≥ 3 | 85 200 (10.7) | 4783 (22.0) | 19 651 (16.5) | 60 766 (9.2) |
| ≥ 5 | 14 234 (1.8) | 960 (4.4) | 3142 (2.6) | 10 132 (1.5) |
| Surgery | 1 045 896 | 22 297 | 133 177 | 890 422 |
| Surgery type | ||||
| Musculoskeletal | 266 454 (25.5) | 6470 (29.0) | 51 323 (38.5) | 208 661 (23.4) |
| Ophthalmologic | 156 233 (14.9) | 4366 (19.6) | 26 788 (20.1) | 125 079 (14.0) |
| Head and neck | 84 946 (8.1) | 1544 (6.9) | 11 053 (8.3) | 72 349 (8.1) |
| Skin and soft tissue | 217 134 (20.8) | 2810 (12.6) | 11 882 (8.9) | 202 442 (22.7) |
| Thoracic | 4498 (0.4) | 312 (1.4) | 529 (0.4) | 3657 (0.4) |
| Other§ | 316 631 (30.3) | 6795 (30.5) | 31 602 (26.6) | 278 234 (31.2) |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.
↵† Echocardiography, exercise stress testing and myocardial perfusion imaging.
↵‡ Alcohol use disorder, asthma, atrial fibrillation, lymphoma, metastatic cancer, nonmetastatic cancer, heart failure, gout, pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hepatitis B, cirrhosis, dementia, depression, diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myocardial infarction, Parkinson disease, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, psoriasis, arthritis, schizophrenia, constipation and stroke.
↵§ Intra-abdominal, lower urologic/gynecologic, vascular, breast, neurologic, retroperitoneal and anorectal.