Characteristics of health care professionals at baseline and follow-up
| Characteristic | No. (%) of respondents | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All baseline n = 1574 | Baseline only n = 830 | Baseline and follow-up n = 744 | ||
| Age, yr | 0.26 | |||
| 18–25 | 76 (4.8) | 45 (5.4) | 31 (4.2) | |
| 26–35 | 390 (24.8) | 215 (25.9) | 175 (23.5) | |
| 36–50 | 638 (40.5) | 340 (41.0) | 298 (40.1) | |
| 51–60 | 372 (23.6) | 187 (22.5) | 185 (24.9) | |
| 61–70 | 92 (5.8) | 41 (4.9) | 51 (6.9) | |
| > 70 | 6 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) | |
| Ethnicity† | < 0.001 | |||
| White | 1027 (65.3) | 440 (53.0) | 587 (78.9) | |
| Asian | 359 (22.8) | 266 (32.0) | 93 (12.5) | |
| Black | 74 (4.7) | 47 (5.7) | 27 (3.6) | |
| Multiple ethnicities | 48 (3.1) | 29 (3.5) | 19 (2.6) | |
| Other | 39 (2.5) | 27 (3.3) | 12 (1.6) | |
| Prefer not to say | 27 (1.7) | 21 (2.5) | 6 (0.81) | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | |||
| Female | 1105 (70.2) | 543 (65.4) | 562 (75.5) | |
| Male | 447 (28.4) | 269 (32.4) | 178 (23.9) | |
| Prefer not to say | 14 (0.9) | 11 (1.3) | 3 (0.4) | |
| Prefer to self-define | 8 (0.5) | 7 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Relationship status | 0.95 | |||
| Divorced | 54 (3.4) | 27 (3.3) | 27 (3.6) | |
| Prefer not to say | 46 (2.9) | 25 (3.0) | 21 (2.8) | |
| Married or living with partner or family | 1048 (66.6) | 552 (66.5) | 496 (66.7) | |
| Other | 52 (3.3) | 30 (3.6) | 22 (3.0) | |
| Single | 374 (23.8) | 196 (23.6) | 178 (23.9) | |
| No. of people living in household | < 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 210 (13.3) | 106 (12.8) | 104 (14.0) | |
| 2 | 487 (30.9) | 235 (28.3) | 252 (33.9) | |
| 3–5 | 799 (50.8) | 432 (52.1) | 367 (49.3) | |
| ≥ 6 | 78 (5.0) | 57 (6.9) | 21 (2.8) | |
| Highest level of education | 0.32 | |||
| GCSEs or A-levels‡ | 113 (7.2) | 52 (6.3) | 61 (8.2) | |
| Bachelor’s or diploma | 735 (46.7) | 389 (46.9) | 346 (46.5) | |
| Master’s or PhD | 613 (39.0) | 323 (38.9) | 290 (39.0) | |
| Other | 113 (7.2) | 66 (8.0) | 47 (6.3) | |
| Mental health and burnout§ | ||||
| Major depressive disorder | 354 (24.7) | 172 (23.9) | 182 (25.5) | 0.46 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 284 (19.9) | 142 (19.8) | 142 (19.9) | 0.97 |
| Clinical insomnia | 228 (16.1) | 103 (14.6) | 125 (17.6) | 0.13 |
| Emotional exhaustion | 580 (41.9) | 298 (44.0) | 282 (39.8) | 0.12 |
| Depersonalization | 186 (13.4) | 103 (15.2) | 83 (11.7) | 0.06 |
| Low mental well-being | 349 (25.1) | 173 (25.3) | 176 (24.8) | 0.84 |
| Professional role¶ | < 0.001 | |||
| Medical doctors | 651 (42.4) | 390 (48.7) | 261 (35.5) | |
| Health care assistants (including phlebotomists, porters, cleaners) | 223 (14.5) | 115 (14.4) | 108 (14.7) | |
| Nurses or midwives | 368 (23.9) | 171 (21.4) | 197 (26.8) | |
| Allied health care professionals | 295 (19.2) | 125 (15.6) | 170 (23.1) | |
Note: GCSE = General Certificate of Secondary Education.
↵* p values from comparison of participants who completed only baseline survey with those who completed both baseline and follow-up surveys using χ2.
↵† All demographic data are self-reported. The Asian category includes those who reported South Asian, Chinese and any other Asian background.
↵‡ In the UK qualification tier system, GCSE is a general secondary certificate and A-levels are subject-based qualifications that can lead to university, further study, training or work.
↵§ The amount of missing data varied for each mental health outcome, as follows: 1434 participants (721 who completed only baseline survey and 713 who completed both baseline and follow-up) completed measure of major depressive disorder, 1429 (716 baseline only and 713 follow-up) completed measure of generalized anxiety disorder, 1418 (706 baseline only and 712 follow-up) completed measure of clinical insomnia, 1386 participants (678 baseline only and 708 follow-up) completed measures of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and 1393 (684 baseline only and 709 follow-up) completed measure of well-being.
↵¶ A total of 1537 health care professionals reported their role; 801 completed only the baseline survey, 736 completed baseline and follow-up surveys.