Table 3:

Stratified validity scores across population characteristics for classification models document–concept model/concept model/concept search/validated International Classification of Diseases algorithm

Characteristic	Sensitivity, %				Specificity, %				PPV, %				NPV, %

	DC	C	CS	ICD	DC	C	CS	ICD	DC	C	CS	ICD	DC	C	CS	ICD
Validation cohort (n = 608)	95^*	91^*	95^*	47	92	93	92	98^†	91	93	92	97^†	95^*	91	95^*	66

By age, yr

< 45 (n = 123)	100^*	100^*	100^*	29	98	97	97	99^†	88^†	82	82	80	100^*	100^*	100^*	92

45–64 (n = 206)	87	90^*	90^*	42	92	90	91	98^†	87	84	85	94^†	92	93	94^†	74

> 64 (n = 279)	91	96	97^†	50	88	87	87	97^†	95	95	95	98^†	79	89	90^†	42

By admission type

Surgical (n = 213)	90	91^*	91^*	44	94	93	93	99^†	92	90	90	98^†	92	93^*	93^*	70

Nonsurgical (n = 395)	91	96	97^†	48	93	91	92	98^†	93	92	92	96^†	91	96^*	96^*	64

By sex

Female (n = 302)	90	94^*	94^*	45	94	92	92	98^†	92	91	91	95^†	92	95^*	95^*	68

Male (n = 306)	91	95	96^†	48	93	91	92	99^†	93	92	93	97^†	91	94	95^†	64

Note: C = concept model, CS = concept search, DC = document–concept model, ICD = validated International Classification of Diseases algorithm, NPV = negative predictive value, PPV = positive predictive value.
↵* Highest performing models (tied).
↵† Highest performing model.