Propensity-matched analysis: comparison of characteristics of intervention and comparator groups before and after matching
| Characteristic | Before matching, no. (%)* | After matching, no. (%)* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full control pool n = 919 027 | Intervention group n = 82 | Standardized difference | Matched controls n = 401 | Matched intervention group n = 82 | Standardized difference | |
| Age at index date, yr, mean ± SD | 48.1 ± 16.6 | 62.0 ± 13.9 | 0.916 | 62.26 ± 13.85 | 62.05 ± 13.89 | 0.004 |
| Sex, female | 500 932 (54.5) | 53 (64.6) | 0.207 | 259 (64.6) | 53 (64.6) | 0.001 |
| 2008 Rurality Index for Ontario | 0.5 ± 3.3 | 0.3 ± 1.6 | 0.093 | 0.27 ± 2.18 | 0.26 ± 1.56 | 0.006 |
| Income quintile (area) | ||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 250 292 (27.2) | 24 (29.3) | 0.045 | 130 (32.4) | 24 (29.3) | 0.068 |
| Q2 | 202 409 (22.0) | 8 (9.8) | 0.340 | 29 (7.2) | 8 (9.8) | 0.091 |
| Q3 | 181 609 (19.8) | 16 (19.5) | 0.006 | 72 (18.0) | 16 (19.5) | 0.040 |
| Q4 | 115 786 (12.6) | 14 (17.1) | 0.126 | 70 (17.5) | 14 (17.1) | 0.010 |
| Q5 (highest) | 168 931 (18.4) | 20 (24.4) | 0.147 | 100 (24.9) | 20 (24.4) | 0.013 |
| History of comorbidities | ||||||
| Acute MI | 10 540 (1.1) | 6 (7.3) | 0.310 | 22 (5.5) | 6 (7.3) | 0.080 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 43 872 (4.8) | 19 (23.2) | 0.550 | 97 (24.2) | 19 (23.2) | 0.012 |
| Asthma | 136 220 (14.8) | 23 (28.0) | 0.327 | 110 (27.4) | 23 (28.0) | 0.011 |
| Cancer | 307 310 (33.4) | 48 (58.5) | 0.520 | 243 (60.6) | 48 (58.5) | 0.045 |
| Congestive heart failure | 14 121 (1.5) | 16 (19.5) | 0.613 | 66 (16.5) | 16 (19.5) | 0.089 |
| COPD | 19 593 (2.1) | 14 (17.1) | 0.524 | 69 (17.2) | 14 (17.1) | 0.007 |
| Chronic coronary syndrome | 58 931 (6.4) | 24 (29.3) | 0.626 | 116 (28.9) | 24 (29.3) | 0.005 |
| Dementia | 7957 (0.9) | 7 (8.5) | 0.369 | 26 (6.5) | 7 (8.5) | 0.084 |
| Diabetes | 121 533 (13.2) | 29 (35.4) | 0.534 | 147 (36.7) | 29 (35.4) | 0.033 |
| Hypertension | 243 883 (26.5) | 50 (61.0) | 0.740 | 258 (64.3) | 50 (61.0) | 0.071 |
| Other mental health conditions | 199 619 (21.7) | 44 (53.7) | 0.698 | 229 (57.1) | 44 (53.7) | 0.066 |
| Mood or anxiety | 422 683 (46.0) | 64 (78.0) | 0.700 | 313 (78.1) | 64 (78.0) | 0.006 |
| Osteoarthritis | 357 160 (38.9) | 64 (78.0) | 0.867 | 307 (76.6) | 64 (78.0) | 0.041 |
| Osteoporosis | 44 518 (4.8) | 9 (11.0) | 0.229 | 41 (10.2) | 9 (11.0) | 0.032 |
| Renal disease | 21 327 (2.3) | 12 (14.6) | 0.453 | 57 (14.2) | 12 (14.6) | 0.000 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 8451 (0.9) | ≤ 5 | 0.284 | 20 (5.0) | ≤ 5 | 0.021 |
| Stroke | 13 061 (1.4) | 6 (7.3) | 0.291 | 26 (6.5) | 6 (7.3) | 0.009 |
| Multimorbidity (≥ 2 of 17 conditions) | 532 801 (58.0) | 77 (93.9) | 0.926 | 384 (95.8) | 77 (93.9) | 0.089 |
| Multimorbidity (≥ 3 of 17 conditions) | 343 401 (37.4) | 74 (90.2) | 1.318 | 348 (86.8) | 74 (90.2) | 0.100 |
| Use of services, mean ± SD, yr | ||||||
| Family physician visits | 4.5 ± 5.3 | 9.5 ± 9.9 | 0.622 | 10.21 ± 10.16 | 9.46 ± 9.91 | 0.087 |
| Specialist visits | 2.6 ± 5.2 | 12.0 ± 15.3 | 0.817 | 12.21 ± 16.71 | 11.96 ± 15.26 | 0.089 |
| Acute admissions, urgent | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.599 | 0.37 ± 0.81 | 0.44 ± 0.93 | 0.060 |
| Acute admissions | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.642 | 0.46 ± 0.88 | 0.54 ± 1.01 | 0.074 |
| Emergency department visits | 0.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 2.7 | 0.499 | 1.30 ± 2.69 | 1.34 ± 2.70 | 0.007 |
| Total costs, yr | 3001.9 ± 10 023.8 | 19 867.6 ± 27 900.2 | 0.805 | 18 050.08 ± 23 663.50 | 19 867.60 ± 27 900.19 | 0.026 |
↵* Except where otherwise indicated.
Note: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, MI = myocardial infarction, SD = standard deviation.