Marginal differences in mean annual costs in participants aged 65 years and older*
| Comparison | Hospital costs (95% CI) | Medical costs (95% CI) | ACCS costs (95% CI) | Claim costs (95% CI) | LTC costs (95% CI) | Total costs (95% CI) | No LTC total costs† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dementia | |||||||
| Age 65−74 yr; no. of morbidities | |||||||
| 0 | 6661 (4998 to 8325) | 550 (482 to 619) | 667 (550 to 784) | 18 404 (15 892 to 20 916) | 18 404 (15 892 to 20 916) | 27 598 (24 504 to 30 692) | 8960 (7215 to 10 706) |
| 1 | 9194 (7822 to 10 566) | 381 (327 to 435) | 569 (476 to 662) | 20 922 (19 376 to 22 467) | 20 922 (19 376 to 22 467) | 32 253 (30 120 to 34 386) | 11 263 (9792 to 12 733) |
| 2 | 11 275 (9710 to 12 841) | 234 (184 to 285) | 497 (385 to 610) | 21 605 (20 392 to 22 817) | 21 605 (20 392 to 22 817) | 34 868 (32 839 to 36 897) | 13 340 (11 682 to 14 998) |
| 3 | 12 758 (11 764 to 13 751) | 215 (154 to 277) | 579 (448 to 710) | 22 553 (21 474 to 23 632) | 22 553 (21 474 to 23 632) | 37 542 (35 985 to 39 099) | 15 115 (14 007 to 16 222) |
| ≥ 4 | 20 662 (19 972 to 21 352) | 255 (191 to 319) | 1230 (1074 to 1386) | 29 618 (28 969 to 30 267) | 29 618 (28 969 to 30 267) | 54 171 (53 096 to 55 247) | 25 028 (24 199 to 25 858) |
| Age 75−84 yr; no. of morbidities | |||||||
| 0 | 6849 (5717 to 7981) | 586 (524 to 649) | 513 (449 to 576) | 25 153 (23 109 to 27 197) | 25 153 (23 109 to 27 197) | 34 652 (32 274 to 37 029) | 8979 (7794 to 10 164) |
| 1 | 8310 (7189 to 9432) | 355 (310 to 400) | 354 (293 to 415) | 27 451 (26 262 to 28 641) | 27 451 (26 262 to 28 641) | 37 966 (36 309 to 39 623) | 9921 (8756 to 11 085) |
| 2 | 9308 (8742 to 9875) | 243 (206 to 281) | 322 (263 to 381) | 26 002 (25 163 to 26 841) | 26 002 (25 163 to 26 841) | 37 269 (36 228 to 38 309) | 10 832 (10 214 to 11 451) |
| 3 | 11 164 (10 609 to 11 719) | 113 (76 to 150) | 221 (159 to 282) | 27 322 (26 617 to 28 028) | 27 322 (26 617 to 28 028) | 40 203 (39 279 to 41 127) | 12 601 (11 986 to 13 216) |
| ≥ 4 | 15 460 (15 102 to 15 819) | −93 (−121 to −65) | 233 (159 to 308) | 31 779 (31 387 to 32 171) | 31 779 (31 387 to 32 171) | 49 059 (48 483 to 49 634) | 17 298 (16 868 to 17 728) |
| Age ≥ 85 yr; no. of morbidities | |||||||
| 0 | 6185 (5180 to 7190) | 357 (306 to 407) | 465 (384 to 546) | 36 414 (33 530 to 39 299) | 36 414 (33 530 to 39 299) | 45 844 (42 579 to 49 110) | 8130 (7019 to 9240) |
| 1 | 7087 (6399 to 7774) | 127 (84 to 169) | 242 (157 to 327) | 36 823 (35 372 to 38 275) | 36 823 (35 372 to 38 275) | 46 393 (44 755 to 48 031) | 8402 (7650 to 9155) |
| 2 | 7881 (7331 to 8431) | −41 (−82 to 0) | 164 (115 to 213) | 36 733 (35 781 to 37 686) | 36 733 (35 781 to 37 686) | 46 785 (45 659 to 47 911) | 8940 (8331 to 9549) |
| 3 | 8496 (8034 to 8958) | −233 (−268 to −199) | 60 (0 to 120) | 37 703 (36 957 to 38 448) | 37 703 (36 957 to 38 448) | 47 977 (47 086 to 48 868) | 9290 (8759 to 9821) |
| ≥ 4 | 8993 (8674 to 9312) | −478 (−504 to −453) | −286 (−343 to −229) | 36 360 (35 966 to 36 754) | 36 360 (35 966 to 36 754) | 46 113 (45 583 to 46 642) | 9236 (8853 to 9620) |
| No. of morbidities | |||||||
| No dementia; age, yr | |||||||
| 65−74 | 4597 (4554 to 4640) | 591 (586 to 596) | 685 (676 to 694) | 688 (682 to 694) | 819 (785 to 853) | 4597 (4554 to 4640) | 3534 (3507 to 3562) |
| 75−84 | 5433 (5374 to 5493) | 527 (521 to 532) | 721 (710 to 732) | 764 (757 to 771) | 1289 (1244 to 1334) | 5433 (5374 to 5493) | 3922 (3890 to 3954) |
| ≥ 85 | 8772 (8562 to 8982) | 480 (472 to 487) | 687 (665 to 708) | 831 (819 to 843) | 2768 (2676 to 2859) | 8772 (8562 to 8982) | 4281 (4225 to 4336) |
| Dementia; age, yr | |||||||
| 65−74 | 10 655 (10 091 to 11 220) | 503 (478 to 527) | 985 (925 to 1045) | 1274 (1226 to 1323) | 3863 (3454 to 4273) | 10 655 (10 091 to 11 220) | 7632 (7249 to 8015) |
| 75−84 | 8250 (7918 to 8582) | 342 (330 to 355) | 725 (696 to 753) | 1029 (1005 to 1054) | 3212 (2921 to 3503) | 8250 (7918 to 8582) | 5934 (5747 to 6122) |
| ≥ 85 | 5817 (5482 to 6152) | 250 (239 to 260) | 501 (482 to 520) | 831 (808 to 854) | 2461 (2125 to 2797) | 5817 (5482 to 6152) | 4332 (4192 to 4472) |
| Age | |||||||
| No dementia; no. of morbidities | |||||||
| 0 | −153 (−190 to −116) | −35 (−39 to −31) | −94 (−100 to −88) | −112 (−118 to −106) | 115 (93 to 136) | −153 (−190 to −116) | −172 (−188 to −156) |
| 1 | 798 (739 to 857) | 40 (31 to 50) | −9 (−29 to 11) | 1 (−8 to 10) | 637 (569 to 705) | 798 (739 to 857) | 298 (267 to 328) |
| 2 | 1227 (1163 to 1290) | 37 (28 to 45) | −22 (−33 to −12) | 24 (13 to 34) | 916 (855 to 977) | 1227 (1163 to 1290) | 439 (402 to 475) |
| 3 | 1592 (1516 to 1668) | −17 (−28 to −6) | −34 (−50 to −18) | 36 (23 to 50) | 1177 (1114 to 1240) | 1592 (1516 to 1668) | 543 (495 to 591) |
| ≥ 4 | 3248 (3145 to 3351) | −151 (−163 to −140) | −158 (−186 to −130) | 80 (61 to 98) | 2561 (2495 to 2627) | 3248 (3145 to 3351) | 921 (849 to 994) |
| Dementia; no. of morbidities | |||||||
| 0 | 6251 (4510 to 7992) | −156 (−204 to −107) | −223 (−311 to −135) | −36 (−148 to 76) | 8373 (6827 to 9919) | 6251 (4510 to 7992) | −857 (−1789 to 75) |
| 1 | 5901 (4898 to 6903) | −167 (−204 to −130) | −215 (−272 to −157) | −61 (−125 to 3) | 8443 (7572 to 9313) | 5901 (4898 to 6903) | −1369 (−2028 to −709) |
| 2 | 5637 (4901 to 6373) | −177 (−209 to −145) | −244 (−308 to −179) | −139 (−205 to −72) | 8799 (8199 to 9399) | 5637 (4901 to 6373) | −2011 (−2572 to −1450) |
| 3 | 5181 (4539 to 5823) | −342 (−377 to −306) | −339 (−413 to −265) | −179 (−237 to −120) | 9304 (8806 to 9802) | 5181 (4539 to 5823) | −3044 (−3574 to −2514) |
| ≥ 4 | −842 (−1286 to −398) | −609 (−644 to −575) | −1087 (−1177 to −998) | −817 (−874 to −760) | 7401 (7081 to 7721) | −842 (−1286 to −398) | −7365 (−7743 to −6987) |
Note: ACCS = ambulatory care classification system, CI = confidence interval, LTC = long-term care.
↵* Marginal differences in mean annual costs (in Can$1000 units) are reported for the following comparisons: dementia versus no dementia by age and number of morbidities categories; increases in the number of morbidities by dementia and age categories; and increases in age category by dementia and number of morbidities categories. These models include 3-way and 2-way interactions terms for dementia, age and number of morbidities. All costs are inflated to 2017 costs using the Consumer Price Index for all items in Canada. Unshaded cells show significant increases in costs or nonsignificant differences, shaded cells show significant decreases in cost and italics indicate nonsignificant differences.
↵† Includes costs of hospital admissions, medications, ACCS and provider claims.