Demographic and clinical characteristics of 48 returned travellers and migrants with cutaneous leishmaniasis, 2008–2018
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 48 | Old World exposure n = 15 | New World exposure n = 33 | ||
| Gender | 0.3 | |||
| Male | 28 (58) | 7 (47) | 21 (64) | |
| Female | 20 (42) | 8 (53) | 12 (36) | |
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 43.5 (24.5–58.5) | 53 (31.5–62) | 36 (24–54) | 0.2 |
| Traveller type | 0.6 | |||
| Returned traveller | 43 (90) | 14 (93) | 29 (88) | |
| Migrant | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 4 (12) | |
| Immune status | 0.6 | |||
| Immunocompetent | 46 (96) | 14 (93) | 32 (97) | |
| Immunocompromised | 2 (4) | 1 (7)§ | 1 (3)¶ | |
| Region of exposure | – | |||
| North or Central America | 24 (50) | – | 24 (73) | |
| South America | 9 (19) | – | 9 (27) | |
| North Africa | 5 (10) | 5 (33) | – | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 3 (6) | 3 (20) | – | |
| Middle East | 5 (10) | 5 (33) | – | |
| South or Central Asia | 1 (2) | 1(7) | – | |
| East Asia | 1 (2) | 1(7) | – | |
| Purpose of travel (among returned travellers, n = 43) | 0.02 | |||
| Tourism | 24 (56) | 5 (33) | 19 (58) | |
| Visiting friends and relatives | 7 (16) | 6 (40) | 1 (3) | |
| Work or business | 5 (12) | 2 (13) | 3 (9) | |
| Education or research | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | |
| Volunteer or aid worker | 5 (12) | 1 (7) | 4 (12) | |
| Duration of travel (among returned travellers, n = 43), d, median (IQR) | 42 (21–90) | 60 (23–94) | 36 (27–75) | 0.5 |
| Time from initiation of symptoms to diagnosis, d, median (IQR) | 89 (58–134) | 98.5 (90–146) | 84 (57–127) | 0.2 |
| No. of physicians consulted before visit to reference centre, median (range)† | 2 (0–5) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (0–3) | 0.3 |
| No. of course of systemic or topical antibiotics before visit to reference centre, median (range)‡ | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 0.4 |