Temporal dynamics in prevalence of obesity across Canada and by province or territory by cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey
| Parameter | Prevalence, % (95% CI)* | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2007/08 | 2009/10 | 2011/12 | 2013/14 | 2015/16 | 2017/18 | Pearson χ2 test† | Cochran–Armitage test of trend | |
| Canada, all sexes and ages | 22.2 (22.2–22.2) | 23.4 (23.4–23.4) | 24.0 (24.0–24.0) | 25.0 (25.0–25.1) | 26.3 (26.3–26.4) | 26.6 (26.5–26.6) | 27.2 (27.1–27.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Sex-specific estimates | |||||||||
| Females | 20.4 (20.4–20.4) | 21.7 (21.7–27.8) | 22.0 (21.9–22.0) | 23.2 (23.2–23.2) | 23.9 (23.9–23.9) | 24.3 (24.3–24.3) | 25.4 (25.4–25.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Males | 24.0 (23.9–24.0) | 25.0 (25.0–25.1) | 26.0 (25.9–26.0) | 26.9 (26.8–26.9) | 28.8 (28.8–28.8) | 28.8 (28.8–28.8) | 28.9 (28.8–28.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Age-specific estimates, yr | |||||||||
| 18–19 | 8.3 (8.3–8.4) | 9.2 (9.1–9.2) | 10.7 (10.6–10.7) | 8.7 (8.6–8.7) | 9.8 (9.8–9.9) | 9.9a (9.9–10.0) | 9.9a (9.9–10.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| 20–29 | 14.7 (14.7–14.7) | 15.8 (15.7–15.8) | 16.2 (16.2–16.2) | 16.3 (16.3–16.3) | 17.8 (17.8–17.8) | 16.9 (16.9–17.0) | 17.5 (17.5–17.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 22.0 (21.9–22.0) | 22.9 (22.9–23.0) | 22.5 (22.4–22.5) | 23.8 (23.8–23.9) | 26.7 (26.6–26.7) | 26.0 (26.0–26.0) | 26.8 (26.8–26.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| 40–49 | 23.8 (23.7–23.8) | 24.2 (24.2–24.3) | 25.8 (25.8–25.8) | 28.2b (28.1–28.2) | 28.2b (28.1–28.2) | 30.2 (30.2–30.3) | 30.9 (30.8–30.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| 50–59 | 27.8 (27.7–27.8) | 28.6 (28.6–28.7) | 29.3 (29.2–29.3) | 30.3 (30.2–30.3) | 31.2 (31.2–31.3) | 31.5 (31.5–31.6) | 31.4 (31.4–31.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| 60–69 | 28.0 (28.0–28.1) | 30.3 (30.3–30.4) | 30.2 (30.1–30.2) | 30.9 (30.8–30.9) | 31.8 (31.7–31.8) | 31.2 (31.2–31.3) | 32.3 (32.3–32.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| 70–79 | 22.9 (22.8–22.9) | 24.8 (24.8–24.9) | 25.4 (25.3–25.4) | 26.7 (26.7–26.8) | 27.2 (27.2–27.3) | 28.1 (28.1–28.2) | 29.4 (29.4–29.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 80 | 15.5 (15.4–15.5) | 16.7 (16.6–16.7) | 17.0 (16.9–17.1) | 16.2 (16.1–16.3) | 19.5c (19.4–19.6) | 18.4 (18.3–18.5) | 19.5c (19.4–19.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Province-specific estimates | |||||||||
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 33.5 (33.4–33.7) | 32.5 (32.3–32.6) | 36.6 (36.5–36.8) | 35.7 (35.5–35.8) | 38.9 (38.8–39.1) | 41.0 (40.8–41.2) | 39.4 (39.2–39.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Prince Edward Island | 30.1d (29.9–30.4) | 29.9d (29.6–30.2) | 27.7 (27.4–27.9) | 32.7e (32.4–33.0) | 32.9e (32.6–33.2) | 30.9 (30.6–31.2) | 34.2 (34.0–34.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Nova Scotia | 28.0 (27.9–28.1) | 31.1 (31.0–31.2) | 31.5 (31.4–31.7) | 33.0 (32.9–33.1) | 34.6f (34.5–34.7) | 34.2 (34.1–34.4) | 34.7f (34.6–34.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| New Brunswick | 30.9g (30.8–31.1) | 31.1g (31.0–31.2) | 36.2 (36.1–36.3) | 33.8 (33.7–34.0) | 34.6 (34.4–34.7) | 38.7 (38.6–38.9) | 36.7 (36.5–36.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Quebec | 20.1 (20.1–20.2) | 21.3 (21.3–21.4) | 22.1 (22.0–22.1) | 23.1 (23.1–23.1) | 24.9 (24.9–24.9) | 24.8 (24.7–24.8) | 26.0 (26.0–26.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ontario | 21.9 (21.9–22.0) | 23.6 (23.5–23.6) | 24.1 (24.1–24.1) | 25.1 (25.1–25.1) | 26.1h (26.1–26.12) | 26.3 (26.3–26.3) | 26.2h (26.2–26.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Manitoba | 25.4 (25.3–25.5) | 26.9 (26.8–27.0) | 30.1 (30.0–30.2) | 28.0 (27.9–28.1) | 32.5 (32.4–32.6) | 30.8 (30.7–30.9) | 30.0 (29.9–30.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Saskatchewan | 29.0 (28.9–29.1) | 31.1 (31.0–31.3) | 28.7 (28.6–28.8) | 31.7 (31.6–31.8) | 32.9 (32.8–33.0) | 31.5 (31.4–31.6) | 35.4 (35.3–35.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Alberta | 22.9 (22.9–23.0) | 25.3 (25.2–25.3) | 24.7 (24.6–24.7) | 26.1 (26.0–26.1) | 27.2 (27.2–27.3) | 28.1 (28.0–28.1) | 29.2 (29.2–29.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| British Columbia | 19.2 (19.1–19.2) | 18.2 (18.1–18.2) | 18.8 (18.7–18.8) | 20.6 (20.6–20.7) | 21.1 (21.0–21.1) | 21.6 (21.6–21.7) | 22.8 (22.8–22.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Yukon, Northwest Territories or Nunavut | 29.3i (28.9–29.6) | 30.0 (29.6–30.4) | 29.5i (29.1–29.8) | 31.9 (31.5–32.2) | 34.1 (33.8–34.5) | 35.9 (35.6–36.3) | 36.9 (36.6–37.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Note: CCHS = Canadian Community Health Survey, CI = confidence interval.
↵* Data are based on adjusted and weighted estimates.
↵† Proportions compared across CCHS cycles using a 2-tailed Pearson χ2 test, with subsequent cycle-to-cycle pairwise comparisons using a 2-tailed Pearson χ2 test with p-value adjustment for multiple testing, according to the Bonferroni method. All pairwise comparisons between CCHS cycles show a statistically significant difference in proportions (p < 0.05), except for those cycles indicated by paired tags with superscript letters (a, b, c, etc.).