Demographics and outcomes for those with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Alberta and Ontario — Mar. 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021
| Characteristic | Wave 1 (Mar. 2020 to Oct. 2020) | Wave 2 (Nov. 2020 to Jan. 2021) | Wave 3 (Feb. 2021 to June 2021) | Total | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test | 100 478 | 271 592 | 359 079 | 731 149 | – |
| Age, yr, n (%) | |||||
| < 18 | 10 274 (10.2) | 36 367 (13.4) | 66 349 (18.5) | 112 990 (15.5) | < 0.0001 |
| 18–39 | 35 754 (35.6) | 96 585 (35.6) | 132 911 (37.0) | 265 250 (36.3) | < 0.0001 |
| 40–65 | 37 986 (37.8) | 103 488 (38.1) | 132 022 (36.8) | 273 496 (37.4) | < 0.0001 |
| > 65 | 16 464 (16.4) | 35 152 (12.9) | 27 797 (7.7) | 79 413 (10.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | |||||
| Alberta | 36 (23–51) | 36 (23–52) | 33 (19–47) | 35 (21–49) | < 0.0001 |
| Ontario | 43 (27–60) | 40 (25–57) | 36 (23–52) | 38 (24–55) | < 0.0001 |
| Male, n (%) | 48 523 (48.3) | 133 329 (49.1) | 182 622 (50.9) | 364 474 (49.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Rural resident, n (%) | 4968 (4.9) | 18 713 (6.9) | 24 116 (6.7) | 47 797 (6.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Deprivation Index, n (%) | |||||
| Missing | 2373 (2.4) | 7409 (2.7) | 8927 (2.5) | 18 709 (2.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Q1 (least deprived) | 16 782 (16.7) | 44 020 (16.2) | 62 711 (17.5) | 123 513 (16.9) | |
| Q2 | 16 809 (16.7) | 47 136 (17.4) | 65 702 (18.3) | 129 647 (17.7) | |
| Q3 | 18 004 (17.9) | 50 495 (18.6) | 66 885 (18.6) | 135 384 (18.5) | |
| Q4 | 18 909 (18.8) | 54 169 (19.9) | 69 639 (19.4) | 142 717 (19.5) | |
| Q5 (most deprived) | 27 601 (27.5) | 68 363 (25.2) | 85 215 (23.7) | 181 179 (24.8) | |
| In a long-term care facility, n (%) | 7832 (7.8) | 10 202 (3.8) | 826 (0.2) | 18 860 (2.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, n (%) | |||||
| 0/missing | 90 174 (89.7) | 249 436 (91.8) | 334 113 (93) | 673 723 (92.1) | < 0.0001 |
| 1 | 2278 (2.3) | 4479 (1.6) | 3337 (0.9) | 10 094 (1.4) | |
| 2 | 1526 (1.5) | 2983 (1.1) | 2334 (0.6) | 6843 (0.9) | |
| 3+ | 6500 (6.5) | 14 694 (5.4) | 19 295 (5.4) | 40 489 (5.5) | |
| Specific comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| COPD or asthma | 804 (0.8) | 1723 (0.6) | 1207 (0.3) | 3734 (0.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Other chronic lung disease (non-COPD/asthma) | 29 (0) | 65 (0) | 56 (0) | 150 (0) | 0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1005 (1) | 1813 (0.7) | 1275 (0.4) | 4093 (0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 3100 (3.1) | 5614 (2.1) | 4053 (1.1) | 12 767 (1.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2655 (2.6) | 5280 (1.9) | 4231 (1.2) | 12 166 (1.7) | < 0.0001 |
| CAD (including previous MI, CABG or PCI/stent) | 898 (0.9) | 1996 (0.7) | 1901 (0.5) | 4795 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 218 (0.2) | 424 (0.2) | 335 (0.1) | 977 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (previous stroke/TIA) | 678 (0.7) | 1110 (0.4) | 699 (0.2) | 2487 (0.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 1174 (1.2) | 1943 (0.7) | 1256 (0.3) | 4373 (0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Ventricular arrhythmias | 67 (0.1) | 152 (0.1) | 130 (0) | 349 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Renal disease | 489 (0.5) | 988 (0.4) | 725 (0.2) | 2202 (0.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Cancer | 706 (0.7) | 1654 (0.6) | 1752 (0.5) | 4112 (0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 178 (0.2) | 298 (0.1) | 282 (0.1) | 758 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Liver disease | 191 (0.2) | 559 (0.2) | 544 (0.2) | 1294 (0.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Dementia | 1968 (2) | 2602 (1) | 621 (0.2) | 5191 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Vaccination status, n (%) | |||||
| Fully vaccinated | 0 (0) | 8 (0) | 2500 (0.7) | 2508 (0.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Partially vaccinated | 0 (0) | 733 (0.3) | 22 378 (6.2) | 23 111 (3.2) | |
| Unvaccinated | 100 478 (100) | 270 851 (99.7) | 334 201 (93.1) | 705 530 (96.5) | |
| Death | |||||
| Death within 30 days, n (%) | 3423 (3.4) | 4800 (1.8) | 2639 (0.7) | 10 862 (1.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Age at death, yr, median (IQR) | |||||
| Alberta | 85 (77–91) | 85 (75–91) | 74 (63–85) | 84 (73–90) | < 0.0001 |
| Ontario | 86 (78–91) | 85 (76–91) | 76 (66–85) | 83 (73–90) | < 0.0001 |
| Male, n (%) | 1604 (46.9) | 2479 (51.6) | 1548 (58.7) | 5631 (51.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Days to death, median (IQR) | |||||
| Alberta | 7 (3–12) | 8 (4–13) | 9 (4–15) | 8 (4–13) | 0.009 |
| Ontario | 9 (5–14) | 11 (7–17) | 12 (6–19) | 11 (6–17) | < 0.0001 |
| All-cause hospitalization | |||||
| Hospital admission within 30 days | 7036 (7) | 13 025 (4.8) | 20 256 (5.6) | 40 317 (5.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Age at hospitalization, yr, median (IQR) | |||||
| Alberta | 63 (47–76) | 65 (48–80) | 54 (40–67) | 59 (44–74) | < 0.0001 |
| Ontario | 68 (54–81) | 70 (55–82) | 60 (46–73) | 64 (50–77) | < 0.0001 |
| Male, n (%) | 3737 (53.1) | 6977 (53.6) | 11 047 (54.5) | 21 761 (54) | 0.02 |
| Length of stay, d, median (IQR) | |||||
| Alberta | 6 (3–12) | 7 (3–13) | 5 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | < 0.0001 |
| Ontario | 8 (3–20) | 7 (3–14) | 6 (3–12) | 7 (3–13) | < 0.0001 |
Note: CABG = coronary artery bypass graft, CAD = coronary artery disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR = interquartile range, MI = myocardial infarction, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, TIA = transient ischemic attack.
↵* Waves 1 and 2 versus wave 3.