Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people living with HIV, stratified by neighbourhood-level material deprivation quartile at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy
| Characteristic | No. (%) of participants* | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 8274 | Q1 n = 2908 | Q2 n = 1818 | Q3 n = 1794 | Q4 n = 1754 | ||
| Response category | < 0.001 | |||||
| Concordant positive (CD4+/VL+) | 5144 (62.2) | 1925 (66.2) | 1125 (61.9) | 1106 (61.7) | 988 (56.3) | |
| Concordant negative (CD−/VL−) | 595 (7.2) | 160 (5.5) | 112 (6.2) | 132 (7.4) | 191 (10.9) | |
| Discordant (CD4+/VL−) | 1670 (20.2) | 544 (18.7) | 386 (21.2) | 372 (20.7) | 368 (21.0) | |
| Discordant (CD4−/VL+) | 865 (10.5) | 279 (9.6) | 195 (10.7) | 184 (10.3) | 207 (11.8) | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 7118 (86.0) | 2716 (93.4) | 1564 (86.0) | 1488 (82.9) | 1350 (77.0) | |
| Female | 1156 (14.0) | 192 (6.6) | 254 (14.0) | 306 (17.1) | 404 (23.0) | |
| Province | < 0.001 | |||||
| British Columbia | 4372 (52.8) | 1800 (61.9) | 1068 (58.8) | 749 (41.8) | 755 (43.0) | |
| Saskatchewan | 307 (3.7) | 36 (1.2) | 44 (2.4) | 72 (4.0) | 155 (8.8) | |
| Ontario | 1389 (16.8) | 650 (22.4) | 306 (16.8) | 251 (14.0) | 182 (10.4) | |
| Quebec | 2206 (26.7) | 422 (14.5) | 400 (22.0) | 722 (40.3) | 662 (37.7) | |
| Ever injected drugs | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 4754 (57.5) | 1680 (57.8) | 1038 (57.1) | 1113 (62.0) | 923 (52.6) | |
| Yes | 1696 (20.5) | 371 (12.8) | 371 (20.4) | 353 (19.7) | 601 (34.3) | |
| Unknown | 1824 (22.0) | 857 (29.5) | 409 (22.5) | 328 (18.3) | 230 (13.1) | |
| AIDS-defining illness | 0.14 | |||||
| None | 6836 (82.6) | 2438 (83.8) | 1489 (81.9) | 1471 (82) | 1438 (82.0) | |
| Before or at baseline | 916 (11.1) | 311 (10.7) | 218 (12.0) | 202 (11.3) | 185 (10.6) | |
| After baseline | 444 (5.4) | 139 (4.8) | 89 (4.9) | 105 (5.9) | 111 (6.3) | |
| Unknown date | 78 (0.9) | 20 (0.7) | 22 (1.2) | 16 (0.90) | 20 (1.1) | |
| Year of entry into cohort | 0.82 | |||||
| 2000–2003 | 1352 (16.3) | 466 (16.0) | 287 (15.8) | 298 (16.6) | 301 (17.2) | |
| 2004–2007 | 1854 (22.4) | 670 (23.0) | 408 (22.4) | 401 (22.4) | 375 (21.4) | |
| 2008–2011 | 2765 (33.5) | 978 (33.6) | 608 (33.4) | 578 (32.2) | 601 (34.3) | |
| 2012–2016 | 2303 (27.8) | 794 (27.3) | 515 (28.3) | 517 (28.8) | 477 (27.2) | |
| Combination ART regimen, classified by third agent | 0.004 | |||||
| NNRTI | 3240 (39.2) | 1192 (41.0) | 673 (37.0) | 659 (36.7) | 716 (40.8) | |
| PI | 3701 (44.7) | 1269 (43.6) | 854 (47.0) | 813 (45.3) | 765 (43.6) | |
| IIN | 993 (12.0) | 317 (10.9) | 231 (12.7) | 244 (13.6) | 201 (11.5) | |
| Other | 340 (4.1) | 130 (4.5) | 60 (3.3) | 78 (4.4) | 72 (4.1) | |
| Baseline age, yr, median (Q1, Q3) | 40 (33, 47) | 40 (33, 47) | 41 (33, 48) | 40 (32, 47) | 40 (33, 47) | 0.059 |
| Baseline CD4, cells/mm3, median (Q1, Q3)† | 250 (140, 390) | 260 (160, 410) | 250 (140, 380) | 250 (148, 380) | 240 (130, 363) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline viral load, log10 copies/mL, median (Q1, Q3) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.0) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.0) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.0) | 4.83 (4.3, 5.0) | 4.82 (4.3, 5.0) | 0.008 |
| Follow-up time, mo, median (Q1, Q3) | 76 (40, 115) | 78 (41, 118) | 74 (38, 114) | 76 (40, 116) | 73 (39, 111) | 0.056 |
Note: ART = antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ = CD4 count increase by ≥ 50 cells/mm3 (0.05 cells × 109/L), IIN = integrase inhibitor, NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, PI = protease inhibitor, Q = quartile, VL+ = viral load decrease to ≤ 50 copies/mL.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† Baseline median (Q1, Q3) CD4 counts (in cells × 109/L) are as follows: total sample 0.25 (0.14, 0.39); Q1 group 0.26 (0.16, 0.41); Q2 group 0.25 (0.14, 0.38); Q3 group: 0.25 (0.15, 0.38), Q4 group: 0.24 (0.13, 0.36).