Association between having a regular primary care provider and being up to date for colorectal cancer screening*†
| Variable | Overall | Stratified | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Male Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Female Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Regular primary care provider | ||||
| Yes (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 0.23 (0.16–0.33) | 0.25 (0.17–0.38) | 0.20 (0.11–0.35) | 0.34 (0.19–0.59) |
| Age, yr | ||||
| 50–59 (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 60–74 | 2.08 (1.71–2.54) | 1.86 (1.48–2.35) | 1.53 (1.08–2.18) | 2.22 (1.63–3.00) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Widowed, divorced, separated or single (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married or common law | 1.52 (1.24–1.88) | 1.44 (1.14–1.83) | 1.57 (1.06–2.32) | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) |
| Education attainment | ||||
| Less than secondary graduation (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary school education | 1.29 (0.91–1.83) | 1.09(0.70–1.72) | 0.76 (0.38–1.49) | 1.66 (0.94–2.91) |
| Postsecondary certificate or degree | 1.45 (1.06–1.97) | 1.13 (0.74,1.74) | 0.82 (0.44–1.52) | 1.62 (0.96–2.74) |
| Race | ||||
| White (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Indigenous or other visible minority | 0.64 (0.43–0.93) | 0.69 (0.41–1.15) | 0.85 (0.36–1.99) | 0.57 (0.31–1.04) |
| Immigration status | ||||
| Born in Canada (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Permanent or nonpermanent resident | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.93 (0.66–1.37) | 0.73 (0.40–1.30) | 1.24 (0.78–1.99) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoker (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Current smoker (daily or occasional) | 0.52 (0.40–0.67) | 0.61 (0.43–0.87) | 0.68 (0.39–1.17) | 0.54 (0.35–0.83) |
| Past smoker (daily or occasional) | 1.00 (0.79–1.27) | 0.94 (0.71–1.22) | 1.08 (0.72–1.62) | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) |
| Illicit drug use in previous 12 mo | ||||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.54 (0.37–0.77) | 0.69 (0.43–1.09) | 0.67 (0.39–1.16) | 0.61 (0.22–1.67) |
| Body mass index‡ | ||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 0.98 (0.60–1.13) | 0.95 (0.60–1.50) | 0.97 (0.67–1.38) |
| Obese (≥ 30.0) | 1.27 (0.98–1.63) | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | 1.00 (0.64–1.56) | 1.09 (0.75–1.59) |
| Moderate or vigorous physical activity,§ min/wk | ||||
| < 150 (inadequate) (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥ 150 (adequate) | 1.38 (1.12–1.69) | 1.39 (1.09–1.76) | 1.33 (0.91–1.95) | 1.47 (1.08–2.02) |
| General health | ||||
| Poor or fair (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Good | 1.39 (0.92–2.11) | 0.76 (0.54–1.09) | 0.85 (0.48–1.52) | 0.68 (0.44–1.07) |
| Very good | 1.54 (1.03–2.29) | 0.89 (0.61–1.24) | 1.03 (0.58–1.84) | 0.76 (0.49–1.19) |
| Excellent | 1.41 (0.94–2.12) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | 0.71 (0.36–1.39) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, FOBT = fecal occult blood test (either guaiac FOBT or fecal immunochemical test), OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference.
↵* We considered respondents to be up to date for colorectal cancer screening if they had FOBT in the previous 2 years or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy in the previous 5 years.
↵† About 9% of the total sample (n = 4600, weighted n = 1 081 161) were excluded from the models owing to missing data across variables. The models included 4300 respondents (weighted n = 997 495). Adjusted models are simultaneously adjusted for every other variable included in the model. We did not include the mammogram variable to enable comparisons across males and females.
↵‡ Body mass index was calculated based on the international standard.24
↵§ Physical activity was defined based on Canadian physical activity guidelines. 25