Table 1:

Baseline and operative characteristics of patients awaiting isolated CABG, valvular surgery, combined CABG and valvular surgery, or surgery on the thoracic aorta in Ontario, Oct. 1, 2008, to Sept. 30, 2019, by mortality status

Characteristic	No. (%) of patients^*		p value
Characteristic	Died n = 269	Did not die n = 111 997	p value
Baseline
Demographic
Age, mean ± SD, yr	70.3 ± 11.0	66.4 ± 10.9	< 0.001
Age, median (IQR), yr	71 (64–79)	67 (59–74)
Female sex	80 (29.7)	28 574 (25.5)	0.1
Body mass index, mean ± SD	28.1 ± 5.7	28.8 ± 5.5
Body mass index, median (IQR)	27 (24–31)	28 (25–32)	0.02
Rural residence	42 (15.6)	17 181 (15.3)	0.9
Hospital type			0.8
Community	76 (28.2)	30 932 (27.6)
Teaching	193 (71.7)	81 065 (72.4)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	233 (86.6)	94 413 (84.3)	0.3
Atrial fibrillation	54 (20.1)	19 898 (17.8)	0.3
Recent myocardial infarction	81 (30.1)	27 295 (24.4)	0.03
CCS grading of angina pectoris41			< 0.001
0	85 (31.6)	27 555 (24.6)
1	25 (9.3)	10 812 (9.7)
2	33 (12.3)	18 198 (16.2)
3	29 (10.8)	16 158 (14.4)
4	12 (4.5)	3865 (3.5)
Low-risk acute coronary syndrome	28 (10.4)	16 632 (14.9)
Intermediate-risk acute coronary syndrome	35 (13.0)	14 477 (12.9)
High-risk acute coronary syndrome	22 (8.2)	4300 (3.8)
Left main coronary artery or left main coronary artery equivalent disease	105 (39.0)	46 651 (41.7)	0.3
Proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease	97 (36.1)	43 483 (38.8)	0.4
Previous percutaneous coronary intervention	28 (10.4)	12 393 (11.1)	0.7
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %			< 0.001
≥ 50	135 (50.2)	78 679 (70.3)
35–49	77 (28.6)	22 667 (20.2)
20–34	47 (17.5)	8989 (8.0)
< 20	10 (3.7)	1662 (1.5)
NYHA functional classification42			< 0.001
1	147 (54.6)	75 515 (67.4)
2	57 (21.2)	17 821 (15.9)
3	51 (19.0)	15 241 (13.6)
4	14 (5.2)	3420 (3.1)
Heart failure	145 (53.9)	30 217 (27.0)	< 0.001
Moderate to severe mitral regurgitation	38 (14.1)	9830 (8.8)	0.002
Moderate to severe aortic regurgitation	15 (5.6)	3567 (3.2)	0.03
Severe aortic stenosis	109 (40.5)	26 192 (23.4)	< 0.001
Endocarditis			0.02
None	260 (96.7)	110 207 (98.4)
Acute	4–8^†	1260–1264^†
Subacute	1–5^†	526–530^†
Cerebrovascular disease	41 (15.2)	11 407 (10.2)	0.006
Peripheral arterial disease	61 (22.7)	15 895 (14.2)	< 0.001
Smoking status			0.3
Never	121 (45.0)	52 427 (46.8)
Current	60 (22.3)	21 085 (18.8)
Former	88 (32.7)	38 485 (34.4)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	100 (37.2)	26 035 (23.2)
Diabetes	135 (50.2)	47 032 (42.0)	0.007
Dyslipidemia	168 (62.5)	74 354 (66.4)	0.2
Glomerular filtration rate, mean ± SD, mL/min per 1.73 m²	69.4 ± 33.9	85.1 ± 34.8	< 0.001
Glomerular filtration rate, median (IQR), mL/min per 1.73 m²	64 (47–88)	81 (61–105)	< 0.001
Dialysis	34 (12.6)	3093 (2.8)	< 0.001
Anemia	37 (13.8)	9304 (8.3)	0.001
Liver disease	9 (3.3)	1551 (1.4)	0.006
Alcohol abuse	7 (2.6)	1500 (1.3)	0.07
Dementia	6 (2.2)	1475 (1.3)	0.2
Depression	7 (2.6)	1425 (1.3)	0.05
Psychosis	1–5^†	212–216^†	< 0.001
Primary cancer	17 (6.3)	5611 (5.0)	0.3
Metastatic cancer	0 (0.0)	578 (0.5)	0.2
Operative
Surgery type			< 0.001
Isolated CABG	118 (43.9)	72 248 (64.5)
Valvular	81 (30.1)	24 380 (21.8)
CABG + valvular	63 (23.4)	11 983 (10.7)
Thoracic aorta	7 (2.6)	3386 (3.0)
Redo sternotomy	19 (7.1)	3315 (3.0)	< 0.001
Cardiogenic shock	1–5^†	218–222^†	0.04
Operative priority			< 0.001
Unknown	67 (24.9)	13 004 (11.6)
Emergent	18 (6.7)	3460 (3.1)
Urgent	90 (33.5)	31 244 (27.9)
Semiurgent	41 (15.2)	25 799 (23.0)
Elective	53 (19.7)	38 490 (34.4)
Recommend maximum wait time, mean ± SD, d	23.3 ± 27.8	34.9 ± 31.3	< 0.001
Recommend maximum wait time, median (IQR), d	14 (3–35)	22 (13–56)
Adherence to recommended wait time	124 (46.1)	74 809 (66.8)	< 0.001

Note: CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting, CCS = Canadian Cardiovascular Society, IQR = interquartile range, NYHA = New York Heart Association, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.
↵† Numbers suppressed because of small cells to avoid back-calculation.