Negative binomial models on past-year pain-driven emergency department visits in the overall sample and by sex and age subsamples*
| Variable | Rate ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food security | Marginal food insecurity | Moderate food insecurity | Severe food insecurity | |
| Pain-driven ED visits, unadjusted, n = 212 300 | Ref. | 1.55 (1.32–1.84) | 1.99 (1.62–2.44) | 3.05 (2.50–3.71) |
| Pain-driven ED visits, n = 212 300 | Ref. | 1.42 (1.20–1.68) | 1.64 (1.37–1.96) | 1.99 (1.61–2.46) |
| Male, n = 96 700 | Ref. | 1.37 (1.07–1.74) | 1.99 (1.46–2.72) | 1.96 (1.48–2.61) |
| Female, n = 115 600 | Ref. | 1.45 (1.15–1.81) | 1.42 (1.17–1.73) | 1.93 (1.47–2.52) |
| 12–17 yr, n = 18 600 | Ref. | 0.96 (0.53–1.75) | 1.42 (0.82–2.47) | 1.43 (0.67–3.05) |
| 18–64 yr, n = 140 200 | Ref. | 1.41 (1.18–1.69) | 1.65 (1.36–2.00) | 1.88 (1.49–2.37) |
| ≥ 65 yr, n = 53 500 | Ref. | 1.75 (1.04–2.97) | 1.36 (0.90–2.06) | 3.77 (1.95–7.28) |
Note: CCHS = Canadian Community Health Survey, CI = confidence interval, ED = emergency department, Ref. = reference category.
↵* All models are weighted by CCHS survey weights. With the exception of the unadjusted model on any pain-driven ED visit, all models adjusted for sex, age, race or ethnicity, immigrant status, highest education in household, housing tenure, household type, jurisdiction of residence, smoking status, past-year alcohol consumption, CCHS cycle and frequency of non–pain-driven ED visit in the year before.