Sample characteristics by past-year pain-driven emergency department visit status among respondents of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2005–2017
| Characteristic | % of respondents* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No pain-driven ED visit† n = 200 300 | Any pain-driven ED visit† n = 12 000 | Total n = 212 300 | |
| Household food insecurity | |||
| Food security | 88.5 | 81.1 | 88.1 |
| Marginal food insecurity | 3.9 | 5.3 | 3.9 |
| Moderate food insecurity | 5.3 | 8.6 | 5.5 |
| Severe food insecurity | 2.3 | 4.9 | 2.5 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 49.7 | 40.5 | 49.2 |
| Female | 50.3 | 59.5 | 50.8 |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 43.7 ± 19.0 | 46.1 ± 19.3 | 43.8 ± 19.0 |
| Race or ethnicity | |||
| White | 72.8 | 76.7 | 73.0 |
| Black | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 |
| Indigenous | 20.4 | 13.7 | 20.1 |
| Other | 2.6 | 5.1 | 2.8 |
| Not stated | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Immigrant status | |||
| Canadian-born | 68.7 | 73.8 | 69.0 |
| Immigrant | 30.8 | 25.6 | 30.5 |
| Not stated | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Highest education in household | |||
| High school incomplete | 5.0 | 8.5 | 5.2 |
| High school graduate | 10.8 | 13.8 | 11.0 |
| Some college | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| College degree | 75.2 | 68.7 | 74.9 |
| Not stated | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Housing tenure | |||
| Renter | 23.4 | 29.9 | 23.7 |
| Homeowner | 76.3 | 69.9 | 76.1 |
| Not stated | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Household type | |||
| Couple with children | 48.3 | 42.3 | 48.1 |
| Couple without children | 25.2 | 26.7 | 25.3 |
| Lone parent | 9.6 | 10.9 | 9.6 |
| Other | 16.4 | 19.6 | 16.6 |
| Not stated | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Province of residence | |||
| Ontario | 85.4 | 81.9 | 85.2 |
| Alberta | 14.6 | 18.1 | 14.8 |
| Tobacco smoking status | |||
| Never smoked | 46.2 | 38.3 | 45.9 |
| Former smoker | 35.3 | 37.7 | 35.4 |
| Current smoker | 18.3 | 23.9 | 18.6 |
| Not stated | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Past-year alcohol consumption | |||
| None | 46.4 | 48.4 | 46.6 |
| Any up to once a week | 25.2 | 29.1 | 25.4 |
| More than once a week | 28.1 | 22.3 | 27.8 |
| Not stated | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| CCHS cycle | |||
| Cycle 2005–2006 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.9 |
| Cycle 2007–2008 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 16.4 |
| Cycle 2009–2010 | 16.9 | 15.8 | 16.9 |
| Cycle 2011–2012 | 19.1 | 20.0 | 19.1 |
| Cycle 2013–2014 | 22.7 | 21.9 | 22.7 |
| Cycle 2015–2016 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 5.2 |
| Cycle 2017 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 11.8 |
| Non–pain-driven ED visit 13–24 months ago | |||
| Frequency, mean ± SD | 0.7 ± 4.2 | 1.9 ± 7.2 | 0.7 ± 4.4 |
Note: CCHS = Canadian Community Health Survey, ED = emergency department, SD = standard deviation. All statistics were weighted by sampling weights of CCHS.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† All differences between “any pain” and “no pain” are significant at p < 0.05 based on χ2 test for categorical variables and t test for age and frequency of ED visits in the year before.