Baseline characteristics of patients in the development and validation sets
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | Standardized difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development set n = 29 058 | Validation set n = 7265 | ||
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 44 (31–58) | 45 (31–58) | −0.015 |
| No. of comorbidities, median (IQR)† | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | −0.009 |
| Male | 13 995 (48.2) | 3433 (47.3) | 0.018 |
| Female | 15 063 (51.8) | 3832 (52.7) | 0.003 |
| Asthma | 4376 (15.1) | 1084 (14.9) | 0.004 |
| Cancer | 1163 (4.0) | 290 (4.0) | 0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 668 (2.3) | 163 (2.2) | 0.004 |
| COPD | 1549 (5.3) | 410 (5.6) | −0.014 |
| Diabetes | 4202 (14.5) | 1071 (14.7) | −0.008 |
| Hypertension | 7181 (24.7) | 1813 (25.0) | −0.006 |
| Hospitalized for COVID-19 | 2043 (7.0) | 540 (7.4) | −0.016 |
| Died from COVID-19 | 719 (2.5) | 187 (2.6) | −0.006 |
Note: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR = interquartile range.
↵* Unless otherwise stated.
↵† The variable “no. of comorbidities” accounts for the following conditions (see Model development under Methods): acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, arthritis, asthma, cancer, chronic heart failure, colitis, COPD, coronary disease, diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and kidney disease.