Variable | OR (95% CI)* | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample (RIO 0–39) | Large urban (RIO 0) | Medium urban (RIO 1–9) | Small urban (RIO 10–39) | |
Main exposure | ||||
Access bonus quintile | ||||
1 (lowest) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
2 | 1.29 (0.98–1.69) | 1.13 (0.77–1.68) | 1.48 (0.85–2.58) | 0.87 (0.24–3.08) |
3 | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) | 0.96 (0.61–1.52) | 2.15 (1.16–3.99) | 1.62 (0.48–5.44) |
4 | 1.58 (1.16–2.13) | 1.39 (0.81–2.36) | 2.39 (1.32–4.31) | 1.62 (0.58–4.52) |
5 (highest) | 1.98 (1.38–2.82) | 3.01 (1.42–6.38) | 1.99 (1.01–3.90) | 2.26 (0.83–6.14) |
ICC, practice, % | 1.89 | 3.61 | 1.30 | 0.98 |
ICC, physician, % | 7.93 | 6.64 | 9.95 | 15.61 |
Patient, n | 10 778 | 4642 | 3542 | 2594 |
Sex | ||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 0.83 (0.7–1.00) | 0.99 (0.74–1.33) | 0.7 (0.49–0.98) | 0.67 (0.37–1.19) |
Age, yr | ||||
≤ 18 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
19–34 | 0.44 (0.16–1.24) | 0.41 (0.06–2.65) | 0.29 (0.04–2.05) | 1.10 (0.08–15.61) |
35–49 | 0.48 (0.16–1.40) | 0.41 (0.06–2.77) | 0.45 (0.06–3.43) | 0.79 (0.05–12.52) |
50–64 | 0.58 (0.20–1.66) | 0.66 (0.10–4.38) | 0.39 (0.06–2.70) | 0.96 (0.06–14.32) |
65–74 | 1.08 (0.38–3.06) | 0.99 (0.15–6.54) | 0.90 (0.13–6.37) | 1.85 (0.12–27.32) |
≥ 75 | 1.17 (0.42–3.28) | 0.89 (0.13–5.87) | 0.98 (0.14–6.97) | 3.88 (0.28–53.10) |
Education | ||||
Some high school or less | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
High school | 1.36 (0.93–1.97) | 1.85 (1.04–3.28) | 1.15 (0.55–2.39) | 1.02 (0.37–2.83) |
Some postsecondary | 1.42 (0.91–2.2) | 2.03 (0.96–4.32) | 1.17 (0.54–2.51) | 0.83 (0.23–3.06) |
College | 1.11 (0.79–1.57) | 1.57 (0.90–2.71) | 0.84 (0.42–1.68) | 1.03 (0.38–2.78) |
University | 1.12 (0.79–1.60) | 1.72 (0.99–2.98) | 0.78 (0.37–1.63) | 0.74 (0.27–2.03) |
Postgraduate | 1.18 (0.77–1.80) | 1.52 (0.83–2.78) | 0.95 (0.38–2.38) | 1.04 (0.28–3.81) |
Primary language | ||||
Other | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
English, English & French, English & other | 1.41 (0.96–2.08) | 1.24 (0.72–2.13) | 2.68 (1.09–6.61) | 1.44 (0.10–21.36) |
French | 1.3 (0.71–2.40) | 1.55 (0.45–5.31) | 2.5 (0.61–10.26) | 1.20 (0.07–20.91) |
Health status | ||||
Poor | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Fair | 1.00 (0.66–1.51) | 1.29 (0.58–2.89) | 0.72 (0.34–1.54) | 1.01 (0.34–3.05) |
Good | 1.39 (0.94–2.05) | 1.42 (0.66–3.04) | 1.32 (0.63–2.80) | 1.39 (0.42–4.61) |
Very good | 1.48 (0.99–2.22) | 1.81 (0.83–3.94) | 1.36 (0.67–2.76) | 1.11 (0.35–3.55) |
Excellent | 2.02 (1.31–3.10) | 1.79 (0.82–3.91) | 2.39 (1.05–5.46) | 2.57 (0.67–9.82) |
Income quintile | ||||
1 (lowest) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
2 | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 0.95 (0.54–1.67) | 1.15 (0.64–2.09) | 1.09 (0.46–2.58) |
3 | 1.23 (0.91–1.66) | 0.86 (0.55–1.36) | 2.00 (1.04–3.83) | 1.87 (0.75–4.65) |
4 | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) | 0.99 (0.66–1.49) | 1.31 (0.77–2.21) | 0.80 (0.34–1.89) |
5 | 0.97 (0.74–1.26) | 0.89 (0.58–1.38) | 1.07 (0.60–1.91) | 1.13 (0.51–2.49) |
Immigrant status | ||||
Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
No | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 1.45 (1.03–2.02) | 0.68 (0.38–1.20) | 1.63 (0.74–3.62) |
Physician, n | 3940 | 2026 | 1222 | 692 |
Age | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) |
Sex | ||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 1.03 (0.84–1.25) | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 1.57 (1.04–2.37) | 0.69 (0.35–1.35) |
Canadian graduate | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 1.28 (0.83–1.98) | 0.87 (0.44–1.74) |
Years in practice (per 5-yr increase) | 0.91 (0.78–1.05) | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) | 0.96 (0.72–1.27) | 0.77 (0.55–1.08) |
Roster size (per 100-patient increase) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.92 (0.74–1.16) | 0.95 (0.74–1.21) | 0.62 (0.37–1.03) |
Practice, n | 414 | 210 | 130 | 74 |
Group size (per 10-member increase) | 0.89 (0.83–0.96) | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.79 (0.67–0.92) | 0.88 (0.72–1.09) |
Number of after-hours services (per 500-hr increase) | 1.13 (1.01–1.25) | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) |
Practice model | ||||
Not team-based | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Team-based | 1.27 (1.02–1.59) | 1.29 (0.89–1.87) | 1.40 (0.90–2.19) | 1.19 (0.65–2.18) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference, RIO = Rurality Index of Ontario.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.