Variable | OR (95% CI)* | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample (RIO 0–39) | Large urban (RIO 0) | Medium urban (RIO 1–9) | Small urban (RIO 10–39) | |
Main exposure | ||||
Access bonus quintile | ||||
1 (lowest) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
2 | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 1.11 (0.89–1.37) | 0.98 (0.73–1.32) | 0.65 (0.32–1.3) |
3 | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 1.29 (1.02–1.64) | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) | 1.00 (0.54–1.83) |
4 | 1.27 (1.05–1.55) | 1.32 (1.01–1.72) | 1.66 (1.18–2.35) | 1.30 (0.75–2.25) |
5 (highest) | 1.63 (1.32–2.00) | 2.00 (1.46–2.73) | 2.15 (1.46–3.14) | 1.56 (0.93–2.63) |
ICC, practice, % | 4.87 | 3.27 | 4.98 | 1.20 |
ICC, physician, % | 6.16 | 4.77 | 4.96 | 12.35 |
Patient, n | 10 778 | 4642 | 3542 | 2594 |
Sex | ||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) |
Age, yr | ||||
≤ 18 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
19–34 | 1.50 (1.01–2.23) | 1.60 (0.90–2.84) | 1.09 (0.55–2.18) | 2.35 (0.92–5.98) |
35–49 | 1.48 (1.01–2.18) | 1.34 (0.76–2.33) | 1.49 (0.76–2.94) | 2.06 (0.83–5.10) |
50–64 | 1.50 (1.02–2.19) | 1.45 (0.83–2.52) | 1.37 (0.71–2.66) | 2.08 (0.85–5.09) |
65–74 | 1.90 (1.30–2.80) | 1.87 (1.07–3.28) | 1.49 (0.76–2.92) | 3.17 (1.28–7.82) |
≥ 75 | 2.13 (1.44–3.16) | 2.03 (1.14–3.60) | 2.28 (1.15–4.53) | 2.56 (1.01–6.48) |
Education | ||||
Some high school or less | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
High school | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 1.14 (0.81–1.60) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) |
Some postsecondary | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 0.83 (0.59–1.17) | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) | 0.79 (0.50–1.25) |
College | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | 0.96 (0.72–1.29) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) | 0.76 (0.52–1.10) |
University | 0.87 (0.72–1.06) | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) | 0.93 (0.65–1.32) | 0.64 (0.43–0.96) |
Postgraduate | 0.80 (0.65–1.00) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) | 0.65 (0.38–1.11) |
Primary language | ||||
Other | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
English, English & French, English & other | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.88 (0.67–1.17) | 1.21 (0.80–1.84) | 0.71 (0.27–1.83) |
French | 0.68 (0.46–1.01) | 0.83 (0.48–1.42) | 0.78 (0.36–1.69) | 0.58 (0.18–1.92) |
Health status | ||||
Poor | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Fair | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) | 0.80 (0.52–1.23) | 1.21 (0.74–1.98) |
Good | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0.89 (0.63–1.25) | 0.91 (0.62–1.35) | 1.12 (0.71–1.75) |
Very good | 1.16 (0.93–1.44) | 0.99 (0.71–1.39) | 1.24 (0.84–1.84) | 1.29 (0.83–2.02) |
Excellent | 1.30 (1.02–1.65) | 1.18 (0.83–1.70) | 1.27 (0.83–1.93) | 1.38 (0.84–2.29) |
Income quintile | ||||
1 (lowest) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
2 | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 1.13 (0.83–1.54) | 1.04 (0.72–1.49) |
3 | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | 1.30 (0.97–1.76) | 0.98 (0.68–1.40) |
4 | 1.14 (0.97–1.33) | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) | 1.33 (1.00–1.78) | 1.31 (0.92–1.85) |
5 | 1.17 (1.01–1.37) | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 1.54 (1.16–2.05) | 1.10 (0.76–1.57) |
Immigrant status | ||||
Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
No | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) | 0.96 (0.76–1.2) | 1.33 (0.94–1.89) |
Physician, n | 3940 | 2026 | 1222 | 692 |
Age | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) |
Sex | ||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.94 (0.77–1.16) | 0.95 (0.71–1.26) |
Canadian graduate | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 1.37 (1.01–1.85) |
Years in practice (per 5-yr increase) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) |
Roster size (per 100-patient increase) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) |
Practice, n | 414 | 210 | 130 | 74 |
Group size (per 10-member increase) | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) |
Number of after-hours services (per 500-hr increase) | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 1.12 (0.99–1.28) | 1.13 (0.99–1.31) |
Practice model | ||||
Not team-based | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Team-based | 1.1 (0.94–1.28) | 1.13 (0.92–1.38) | 1.27 (0.96–1.69) | 0.96 (0.71–1.31) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference, RIO = Rurality Index of Ontario.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.