Multilevel multivariable logistic regression for patient-reported telephone access, by geography
| Variable | OR (95% CI)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (RIO 0–39) | Large urban (RIO 0) | Medium urban (RIO 1–9) | Small urban (RIO 10–39) | |
| Main exposure | ||||
| Access bonus quintile | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 2 | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 1.09 (0.85–1.39) | 1.33 (0.99–1.79) | 0.77 (0.42–1.42) |
| 3 | 1.34 (1.10–1.63) | 1.17 (0.90–1.53) | 1.75 (1.25–2.45) | 0.84 (0.48–1.48) |
| 4 | 1.46 (1.19–1.79) | 1.45 (1.06–1.96) | 1.75 (1.25–2.44) | 1.24 (0.75–2.08) |
| 5 (highest) | 1.87 (1.50–2.33) | 2.23 (1.52–3.26) | 2.39 (1.63–3.50) | 1.58 (0.97–2.57) |
| ICC, practice, % | 3.26 | 1.80 | 2.18 | 1.78 |
| ICC, physician, % | 6.70 | 6.74 | 6.52 | 7.98 |
| Patient, n | 10 778 | 4642 | 3542 | 2594 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) |
| Age, yr | ||||
| < 18 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 19–34 | 0.84 (0.50–1.39) | 1.20 (0.56–2.54) | 0.99 (0.41–2.36) | 0.33 (0.09–1.22) |
| 35–49 | 0.88 (0.53–1.45) | 1.16 (0.55–2.42) | 1.08 (0.46–2.54) | 0.35 (0.10–1.28) |
| 50–64 | 0.94 (0.57–1.54) | 1.23 (0.59–2.57) | 1.10 (0.47–2.57) | 0.42 (0.12–1.53) |
| 65–74 | 1.56 (0.94–2.58) | 2.14 (1.01–4.52)* | 1.79 (0.76–4.25) | 0.69 (0.19–2.54) |
| ≥ 75 | 1.40 (0.84–2.34) | 1.35 (0.64–2.88) | 2.03 (0.84–4.93) | 0.74 (0.20–2.78) |
| Education | ||||
| Some high school or less | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| High School | 1.32 (1.07–1.63) | 1.34 (0.93–1.93) | 1.3 (0.90–1.87) | 1.29 (0.87–1.91) |
| Some postsecondary | 1.37 (1.07–1.76) | 1.25 (0.83–1.88) | 1.76 (1.14–2.72) | 1.00 (0.63–1.59) |
| College | 1.18 (0.96–1.46) | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) | 1.26 (0.88–1.80) | 0.99 (0.67–1.44) |
| University | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | 1.09 (0.77–1.56) | 1.24 (0.85–1.80) | 1.03 (0.68–1.55) |
| Postgraduate | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) | 1.14 (0.74–1.74) | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) |
| Primary language | ||||
| Other | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| English, English & French, English & other | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 0.94 (0.67–1.32) | 1.61 (1.02–2.54) | 0.86 (0.31–2.4) |
| French | 0.93 (0.61–1.42) | 0.72 (0.37–1.39) | 1.24 (0.61–2.51) | 1.08 (0.31–3.85) |
| Health status | ||||
| Poor | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Fair | 1.29 (1.01–1.66) | 1.37 (0.90–2.08) | 1.13 (0.73–1.74) | 1.24 (0.77–2.00) |
| Good | 1.41 (1.12–1.77) | 1.35 (0.91–1.98) | 1.46 (0.98–2.17) | 1.31 (0.85–2.00) |
| Very good | 1.98 (1.57–2.49) | 1.97 (1.33–2.90) | 1.83 (1.23–2.71) | 2.06 (1.34–3.16) |
| Excellent | 2.21 (1.72–2.83) | 2.30 (1.51–3.49) | 1.69 (1.11–2.59) | 2.97 (1.82–4.85) |
| Income quintile | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 2 | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 1.10 (0.84–1.44) | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 0.97 (0.68–1.40) |
| 3 | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 1.20 (0.88–1.62) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) |
| 4 | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) |
| 5 | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 1.11 (0.86–1.45) | 1.24 (0.93–1.65) | 0.88 (0.61–1.26) |
| Immigrant status | ||||
| Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 1.25 (1.02–1.53) | 1.12 (0.87–1.44) | 1.17 (0.83–1.65) |
| Physician, n | 3940 | 2026 | 1222 | 692 |
| Age | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.00 (0.76–1.33) |
| Canadian graduate | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 1.30 (1.04–1.62) | 1.27 (1.02–1.58)* | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) |
| Years in practice (per 5-yr increase) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.96 (0.82–1.11) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) |
| Roster size (per 100-patient increase) | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) |
| Practice, n | 414 | 210 | 130 | 74 |
| Group size (per 10-member increase) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) |
| Number of after-hours services (per 500-hr increase) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) |
| Practice model | ||||
| Not team-based | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Team-based | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 0.72 (0.53–0.98) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference, RIO = Rurality Index of Ontario.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.