Characteristics of Status First Nations people in Ontario with HCV infection and matched control participants by phase of care
| Characteristic | Cohort; no. (%) of people* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prediagnosis phase | Initial phase | Late phase | Terminal phase | |||||
| Case n = 2096 | Control n = 3916 | Case n = 2077 | Control n = 3875 | Case n = 130 | Control n = 249 | Case n = 297 | Control n = 545 | |
| Length of phase, mean ± SD, d | 179 ± 0 | 179 ± 0 | 2714.5 ± 1248.5 | 2098.2 ± 966.0 | 1280.9 ± 1086.1 | 1092.2 ± 826.5 | 168.5 ± 40.2 | 168.3 ± 40.7 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, yr | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 36.7 ± 11.4 | 36.9 ± 11.5 | 36.7 ± 11.1 | 36.8 ± 11.2 | 50.1 ± 9.4 | 50.1 ± 9.3 | 48.8 ± 12.3 | 49.5 ± 12.2 |
| Median (IQR) | 36 (27–45) | 36 (27–46) | 36 (28–45) | 36 (28–45) | 50 (46–57) | 51 (45–57) | 50 (40–57) | 51 (41–58) |
| Age group, yr | ||||||||
| ≤ 29 | 665 (31.7) | 1227 (31.3) | 645 (31.1) | 1221 (31.5) | 6 (4.6) | 10 (4.0) | 25 (8.4) | 35 (6.4) |
| 30–39 | 579 (27.6) | 1080 (27.6) | 594 (28.6) | 1087 (28.1) | 9 (6.9) | 19 (7.6) | 49 (16.5) | 78 (14.3) |
| 40–49 | 545 (26.0) | 1018 (26.0) | 550 (26.5) | 1005 (25.9) | 45 (34.6) | 82 (32.9) | 68 (22.9) | 134 (24.6) |
| ≥ 50 | 307 (14.6) | 591 (15.1) | 288 (13.9) | 562 (14.5) | 70 (53.8) | 138 (55.4) | 155 (52.2) | 298 (54.7) |
| Rural mail delivery area | ||||||||
| No | 2088 (99.6) | 3897 (99.5) | 2070 (99.7) | 3863 (99.7) | 130 (100.0) | 249 (100.0) | –** | 539 (98.9) |
| Yes | 8 (0.4) | 19 (0.5) | 7 (0.3) | 12 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | –** | 6 (1.1) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 944 (45.0) | 1728 (44.1) | 945 (45.5) | 1762 (45.5) | 42 (32.3) | 80 (32.1) | 116 (39.1) | 205 (37.6) |
| Male | 1152 (55.0) | 2188 (55.9) | 1132 (54.5) | 2113 (54.5) | 88 (67.7) | 169 (67.9) | 181 (60.9) | 340 (62.4) |
| First Nations community status | ||||||||
| Outside of community† | 1714 (81.8) | 3142 (80.2) | 1695 (81.6) | 3075 (79.4) | 112 (86.2) | 216 (86.7) | 259 (87.2) | 477 (87.5) |
| Within community | 382 (18.2) | 774 (19.8) | 382 (18.4) | 800 (20.6) | 18 (13.8) | 33 (13.3) | 38 (12.8) | 68 (12.5) |
| Mental health conditions‡ | ||||||||
| Alcohol use disorder | 241 (11.5) | 377 (9.6) | 318 (15.3) | 511 (13.2) | 28 (21.5) | 47 (18.9) | 62 (20.9) | 117 (21.5) |
| Substance-related/addictive disorders§ | 657 (31.3) | 1136 (29.0) | 997 (48.0) | 1787 (46.1) | 43 (33.1) | 82 (32.9) | 113 (38.0) | 197 (36.1) |
| Depression | 61 (2.9) | 101 (2.6) | 96 (4.6) | 175 (4.5) | –** | 9 (3.6) | 11 (3.7) | 19 (3.5) |
| Anxiety | 165 (7.9) | 284 (7.3) | 187 (9.0) | 320 (8.3) | –** | 7 (2.8) | 22 (7.4) | 44 (8.1) |
| Bipolar | 10 (0.5) | 16 (0.4) | 13 (0.6) | 23 (0.6) | –** | –** | –** | –** |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorder | 35 (1.7) | 46 (1.2) | 45 (2.2) | 89 (2.3) | –** | –** | 7 (2.4) | 7 (1.3) |
| Trauma-/stressor-related disorders | 38 (1.8) | 60 (1.5) | 49 (2.4) | 94 (2.4) | –** | –** | 6 (2.0) | 8 (1.5) |
| Comorbidity‡ | ||||||||
| ADGs total score, mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 3.6 | 3.9 ± 3.4 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | 5.0 ± 3.6 | 6.7 ± 4.4 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 7.5 ± 4.8 | 7.6 ± 4.7 |
| ADGs total score, median (IQR) | 4 (1–7) | 3 (1–6) | 5 (2–8) | 4 (2–7) | 7 (3–10) | 6 (3–9) | 7 (4–11) | 7 (4–11) |
| No. of ADGs categories¶ | ||||||||
| ≤ 3 | 668 (31.9) | 1375 (35.1) | 628 (30.2) | 1284 (33.1) | –** | 54 (21.7) | 62 (20.9) | 95 (17.4) |
| 4–7 | 702 (33.5) | 1280 (32.7) | 762 (36.7) | 1440 (37.2) | 41 (31.5) | 97 (39.0) | 85 (28.6) | 164 (30.1) |
| 8–10 | 251 (12.0) | 392 (10.0) | 350 (16.9) | 578 (14.9) | 23 (17.7) | 40 (16.1) | 52 (17.5) | 97 (17.8) |
| ≥ 11 | 132 (6.3) | 193 (4.9) | 203 (9.8) | 310 (8.0) | 29 (22.3) | 47 (18.9) | 87 (29.3) | 163 (29.9) |
| Nonuser/missing | 343 (16.4) | 676 (17.3) | 134 (6.5) | 263 (6.8) | –** | 11 (4.4) | 11 (3.7) | 26 (4.8) |
Note: ADGs = Aggregated Diagnosis Groups, HCV = hepatitis C virus, IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.
↵† Also included people who had an out-of-province residence code for the year of matching date.
↵‡ During the year before matching date.
↵§ Also contains records pertaining to alcohol use disorder.
↵¶ The frequencies associated with each specific ADGs category can be found in Appendix 5, Supplemental Table S7.
↵** Suppressed to remove risk of reidentification as per ICES privacy rules.