Outcomes and health services use after cardiac surgery, stratified by CFS score
| Variable | No. (%) of patients* | Adjusted HR (95% CI)† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall n = 529 | CFS ≥ 5 n = 51, 9.6% | CFS = 4 n ≤ 478, 90.4% | ||
| Mortality | ||||
| CVICU mortality | 4 (0.8) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (0.4) | 1.43 (0.12 to 16.72) |
| Hospital mortality | 10 (1.9) | 5 (9.8) | 5 (1.0) | 3.84 (0.90 to 16.34) |
| 6-month mortality | 12 (2.3) | 5 (9.8) | 7 (1.5) | 6.02 (1.79 to 20.23) |
| 12-month mortality | 18 (3.4) | 6 (11.8) | 12 (2.5) | 4.34 (1.54 to 12.19) |
| 5-year mortality | 66 (12.5) | 13 (25.5) | 53 (11.1) | 2.21 (1.16 to 4.21) |
| Health services use | Median difference (95% CI)† | |||
| CVICU stay, d, median (IQR) | 1 (1–3) | 3 (1–5) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (2 to 3) |
| Post-CVICU hospital stay, d, median (IQR) | 5 (4–8) | 9 (6–17) | 5 (4–7) | 8 (7 to 9) |
| Preoperative hospital stay, d, mean ± SD | 1 ± 6 | 2 ± 5 | 1 ± 6 | 1 (–1 to 3) |
| Postoperative hospital stay, d, median (IQR) | 7 (6–11) | 12 (8–25) | 7 (6–10) | 9 (8 to 10) |
| Vasoactive medication duration, d, median (IQR) | 1 (0.2–1) | 1 (0.3–3) | 0.5 (0.2–1) | 1 (0.6 to 1.2) |
| OR (95% CI)† | ||||
| Vasoactive medication, frequency | 455 (86.0) | 45 (88.2) | 410 (85.8) | 1.35 (0.53 to 3.47) |
| Re-admission to any ICU | 21 (4.0) | 5 (9.8) | 16 (3.3) | 2.74 (0.89 to 8.45) |
| Mechanical ventilation ≥ 48 h | 25 (4.7) | 9 (17.6) | 16 (3.3) | 4.79 (1.82 to 12.65) |
| Hospital discharge disposition | p value† | |||
| Home (independent or with help) | 482 (91.1) | 33 (64.7) | 449 (93.9) | < 0.001 |
| Subacute care | 28 (5.3) | 10 (19.6) | 18 (3.8) | 0.01 |
| Lodge or facility | 9 (1.7) | 3 (5.9) | 6 (1.3) | 0.1 |
| Health-related quality of life | Mean difference (95% CI)† | |||
| Baseline EQ-VAS, mean ± SD | 58 ± 21 | 46 ± 19 | 60 ± 20 | 15 (9 to 21) |
| 6-month EQ-VAS, mean ± SD | 72 ± 17 | 62 ± 15 | 73 ± 16 | 12 (6 to 17) |
| 12-month EQ-VAS, mean ± SD | 75 ± 17 | 60 ± 22 | 76 ± 15 | 15 (10 to 20) |
Note: CFS = Clinical Frailty Scale, CI = confidence interval, CVICU = cardiovascular surgical intensive care unit, EQ-VAS = EuroQol health questionnaire with visual acuity scale, HR = hazard ratio, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile range, OR = odds ratio, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† All reported comparisons were adjusted for age, sex and EuroSCORE II.