Patient and illness characteristics among 2 ICU cohorts, 2000–2017
| Variable | No. (%) of cohort* | |
|---|---|---|
| Nursing home n = 230 | ECMO n = 109 | |
| Age, yr | ||
| Mean ± SD | 72.0 ± 10.6 | 51.8 ± 15.8 |
| Median (IQR) | 73 (64–80) | 56 (44–64) |
| Sex, female | 103 (44.8) | 45 (41.3) |
| Year of admission | ||
| 2000–2004 | 5 (2.2) | 0 |
| 2005–2009 | 70 (30.4) | 8 (7.3) |
| 2010–2014 | 88 (38.3) | 60 (55.0) |
| 2015–2017 | 67 (29.1) | 41 (37.6) |
| Location of residence | ||
| Urban | 77 (70.6) | |
| Rural | 26 (23.9) | |
| Out-of-province or nursing home resident | 6 (5.5) | |
| Socioeconomic status quintile | ||
| 1 (lowest income) | 29 (28.2) | |
| 2 | 24 (23.3) | |
| 3 | 11 (10.7) | |
| 4 | 17 (16.5) | |
| 5 (highest income) | 22 (21.4) | |
| Category of primary diagnosis at admission | ||
| Cardiovascular | 52 (21.7) | 59 (54.1) |
| Infectious | 78 (33.9) | 26 (23.9) |
| Respiratory | 47 (20.4) | 23 (21.1) |
| All others | 55 (23.9) | 1 (0.9) |
| Disease severity | ||
| APACHE II score, mean ± SD | 22.4 ± 6.4 | 28.5 ± 8.1 |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 22 (17–27) | 27 (22–35) |
| GCS, mean ± SD | 12.0 ± 3.4 | 8.3 ± 4.6 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 13 (10–15) | 7 (3–13) |
| APS, mean ± SD | 12.9 ± 4.8 | 18.7 ± 6.0 |
| APS, median (IQR) | 13 (9–16) | 18 (14–23) |
| APS-neuro score, mean ± SD | 10.1 ± 5.4 | 12.0 ± 7.1 |
| APS-neuro score, median (IQR) | 10 (6–14) | 12 (7–17) |
| Elapsed ACP time, d | ||
| Mean ± SD, | 2.9 ± 6.2 | 9.1 ± 16.3 |
| Median (IQR) | 1.0 (1–2) | 4.0 (1–13) |
| ECMO type | ||
| Venovenous with or without arteriovenous | 16 (14.7) | |
| Arteriovenous only | 91 (83.5) | |
| Level of care† | ||
| Resuscitation | 56 (24.3) | 44 (40.4) |
| Medical | 90 (39.1) | 6 (5.5) |
| Comfort care | 57 (24.8) | 45 (41.3) |
| Missing | 27 (11.8) | 14 (12.8) |
| Hospital length of stay, d | ||
| Mean ± SD | 20.1 ± 33.4 | 33.8 ± 35.1 |
| Median (IQR) | 11 (6–19) | 20 (9–48) |
| Hospital death | 69 (30.0) | 51 (46.8) |
Note: APACHE = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, APS = acute physiology score, APS-neuro score = APS score with neurologic component removed, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, elapsed ACP time = elapsed advance care planning time (i.e., interval between ICU admission and first chart documentation of the level of care), GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† Least aggressive level of care recorded.