Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with grade 2–4 frostbite
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* n = 22 |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, yr | 39 ± 14 |
| Sex, male | 17 (77) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Tobacco smoking | 7 (32) |
| Alcohol use disorder | 7 (32) |
| Local environmental temperature at time of injury, mean ± SD, °C | −31 ± 10 |
| Body temperature at presentation to emergency department, mean ± SD, °C | 36.2 ± 1.6 |
| Duration of cold exposure, mean ± SD, h | 20 ± 18 |
| Freeze–thaw–refreeze cycle | 2 (9) |
| Precipitating event | |
| Sport | 10 (45) |
| Alcohol use | 6 (27) |
| Car accident/breakdown | 3 (14) |
| Work/labour | 2 (9) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 1 (4) |
| Frostbite grade | |
| 2 | 10 (45) |
| 3 | 5 (23) |
| 4 | 7 (32) |
| Limbs involved | |
| Feet | 12 (54) |
| Hands | 6 (27) |
| Feet and hands | 4 (18) |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.