Total calories by type of food consumption location according to type of dietary avoidance(s)
| Variable | Total kilocalories consumed, % (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At home* | Other locations† | Not stated | |
| Respondents who avoid dietary gluten, n = 488 | 81.0 (74.0 to 75.9) | 15.4 (11.6 to 19.3) | 3.6 (−0.2 to 7.4) |
| Respondents reporting ≥ 1 dietary avoidances,‡ n = 2653 | 75.3 (75.7 to 86.2)¶ | 23.0 (20.5 to 25.4)¶ | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.4) |
| Respondents who report no dietary avoidances, n = 17 336 | 74.9 (74.0 to 75.9)** | 23.0 (22.0 to 23.9)¶ | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.5) |
| Matched analysis§ | |||
| Respondents who avoid dietary gluten, n = 466 | 80.6 (75.2 to 85.9) | 16.4 (12.3 to 20.6) | 3.0 (−0.9 to 6.9) |
| Respondents reporting ≥ 1 dietary avoidances, n = 2304 | 74.9 (72.2 to 77.5) | 23.4 (20.8 to 26.0)¶ | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.4) |
Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* Home refers to foods prepared at the participant’s home or at someone else’s home.
↵† All other locations refer to the following locations: fast food or pizza restaurants; take-out; restaurants with server; bar, tavern or lounge; vending machine; restaurants with no additional information; cafeteria not at school; cafeteria at school; child care centre; family or adult care centre; other; grocery; corner or other types of stores; or at work.
↵‡ With the exception of gluten.
↵§ Respondents avoiding gluten were matched to respondents with ≥ 1 dietary avoidances according to age groups, sex, income adequacy and household education as described in the Methods.
↵¶ p < 0.01 in comparison with respondents who avoid dietary gluten.
↵** p < 0.05 in comparison with respondents who avoid dietary gluten.