Risk of bias assessment
| Study | Selection bias | Ascertainment bias | Causality | Quality of reporting, description | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is (are) the patient(s) representative of the investigating centre? | Was the exposure/ outcome adequately ascertained? | Was an alternative cause ruled out? | Was there a challenge– rechallenge phenomenon? | Was there a dose– response effect? | Was follow-up long enough? | Was (were) the case(s) described in sufficient detail? | |
| O’Reilly et al.28 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Denkler and Cohen43 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Wong et al.40 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Varughese and Koh41 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Baserga et al.25 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Vasquez et al.30 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Maffei et al.23 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Ancora et al.39 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Mousavi et al.38 | Patient selection method NS | NS | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Akingbola et al.34 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Mosalli et al.35 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Kamar et al.44 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/ses | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Samiee-Zafarghandy et al.22 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Dilli et al.33 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Teo and Shah31 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Parra et al.29 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Vivar del Hoyo et al.24 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Yong et al.42 | Yes | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Han et al.37 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Isik et al.36 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Mintoft et al.26 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Kuttysankaran et al.32 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Weeraskera et al.27 | Patient selection method NS | Yes/yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Note: NS = not stated. Risk of bias was ascertained using the Tool for Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Case Reports and Case Series.21