Study | Design | Gestational age, wk | Postnatal age, d | Cause of ischemia | Ischemic site |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention: topical nitroglycerin ointment | |||||
Denkler and Cohen43 | Case report | 34 | 1 | Dopamine extravasation | Left hand to low forearm, left foot to knee |
Wong et al.40 | Case series | 25 | 10 | PAL | Right hand |
24 | 40 | PAL | Right hand | ||
31 | 4 | Dopamine extravasation | Forearm, chest, axilla | ||
26 | 15 | Dopamine extravasation | Forearm, arm | ||
Baserga et al.25 | Case report | 30 | 1 | UAC | Left leg, penis, scrotum |
25 | 1 | UAC | Right leg | ||
23 | 10 | PAL | Left hand | ||
Vasquez et al.30 | Case report | 26 | 1 | PAL | Left hand |
Mousavi et al.38 | Case report | 32 | 2 | UVC | Right leg and foot |
Akingbola et al.34 | Case report | 31 | 60 | PAL | Left leg, foot and toes |
Mosalli et al.35 | Case report | 25 | 14 | PAL | Right finger |
Case report | 26 | 1.5 | PIV | Left foot | |
Samiee-Zafarghandy et al.22 | Case report | 26 | 1.5 | PIV | Left foot |
Dilli et al.33 | Case report | 28 | 5 | UAC | Lower limbs |
Parra et al.29 | Case report | 32 | 49 | Thrombin injection into PSA sac | Right arm |
Vivar del Hoyo et al.24 | Case series | 24 | NS | UAC/UVC | Toes |
35 | PICC | Fingers | |||
> 37 | PICC | Fingers | |||
> 37 | PICC | Fingers | |||
Han et al.37 | Case report | 24 | 5 | PAL | Upper limb |
Isik et al.36 | Case report | 34 | NS | PIV phenytoin infusion | Upper limb |
Kuttysankaran et al.32 | Case report | Term | 1 | Spontaneous femoral artery thrombosis | Lower limb |
Weeraskera et al.27 | Case report | 26 | 5 | PIV | Fingers |
Intervention: glyceryl trinitrate patch | |||||
O’Reilly et al.28 | Case report | NS | NS | TPN extravasation | Dorsum of foot |
Varughese et al.41 | Case report | 33 | 10 | UAC | Right hip |
Maffei et al.23 | Case report | 29 | 1 | Central venous catheter | Left arm |
32 | 8 | PAL | Right arm | ||
Teo and Shah31 | Case report | 32 | NS | PICC | Upper limb |
Yong et al.42 | Retrospective audit | < 31 | < 14– > 28 | PAL | NS |
Mintoft et al.26 | Case report | 24 | 1 | Spontaneous, PAL | Lower limbs, thumb, forefinger; Toes |
24 | 3, 7 | PAL | |||
Intervention: topical nitroglycerin ointment and glyceryl trinitrate patch | |||||
Ancora et al.39 | Case report | 28 | 1 | UVC | Right fingers, right and left toes |
Intervention: topical nitroglycerin spray | |||||
Kamar et al.44 | Case report | 25 | > 1 d | PAL | Toes, fingers |
Note: NS = not stated, PAL = peripheral arterial line, PICC = peripherally inserted central catheter, PIV = peripheral intravenous, PSA = pseudoaneurysm, TPN = total parenteral nutrition, UAC = umbilical arterial catheter, UVC = umbilical venous catheter.