Table 1:

Summary statistics of variables used in the study

Variable	% or mean ± SD

	Total			Women			Men

	Non-Indigenous	Indigenous	p value	Non-Indigenous	Indigenous	p value	Non-Indigenous	Indigenous	p value
Outcome

10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score	15.1 ± 5.1	16.1 ± 5.9	< 0.001	15.3 ± 5.3	16.5 ± 6.4	0.007	14.8 ± 4.8	15.6 ± 5.5	0.03

Lifetime suicidal ideation	9.2	16.8	< 0.001	9.7	19.1	< 0.001	8.7	14.6	0.005

Lifetime suicide plan	2.3	6.8	< 0.001	2.6	7.7	0.008	2.0	5.9	0.006

Demographic variables^*

Age, yr	47.4 ± 17.9	41.3 ± 15.5	< 0.001	48.0 ± 18.2	41.7 ± 15.0	< 0.001	46.7 ± 17.6	41.1 ± 16.0	< 0.001

Marital status


Married or common law	62.1	59.7	0.4	60.6	57.6	0.4	63.6	61.6	0.6

Divorced or widowed	13.4	11.5	0.2	17.7	16.1	0.5	9.1	7.1	0.2

Single	24.5	28.9	0.07	21.7	26.3	0.09	27.3	31.3	0.3

Socioeconomic variables^*

Equivalized household income, $^†	54 426 ± 87 062	46 550 ± 37 582	< 0.001	52 076 ± 111 102	44 482 ± 32 837	0.01	56 846 ± 51 634	48 488 ± 41 485	0.002

Education

Less than high school	13.9	20.8	0.002	13.4	17.4	0.07	14.4	24.0	0.008

High school	17.4	16.4	0.6	17.7	20.3	0.5	17.2	12.6	0.06

Some postsecondary	7.5	7.0	0.7	7.5	8.4	0.6	7.5	5.7	0.2

Bachelor’s degree or higher	61.2	55.8	0.06	61.5	53.9	0.04	60.9	57.7	0.4

Employment status

Employed	61.9	57.6	0.1	55.9	56.1	> 0.9	68.2	58.9	0.02

Unemployed	28.9	34.5	0.03	33.7	37.7	0.3	24.0	31.6	0.03

Other employment status	9.2	7.9	0.4	10.4	6.2	0.003	7.9	9.5	0.4

Homeownership

Owner	77.1	66.2	< 0.001	76.4	62.7	< 0.001	77.8	69.4	0.004

Renter	22.9	33.8	< 0.001	23.6	37.3	< 0.001	22.2	30.6	0.004

Household arrangement

Single person	16.1	12.9	0.02	17.4	12.3	0.005	14.8	13.5	0.5

Couple with no child	32.1	25.7	0.006	30.5	29.1	0.7	33.7	22.5	0.001

Couple with child or children younger than 25 yr	31.3	33.7	0.45	30.8	24.4	0.01	31.7	42.4	0.03

Separated with child younger than 25 yr	5.1	7.6	0.04	6.7	12.1	0.009	3.5	3.3	0.9

Other household compositions	15.4	20.2	0.02	14.6	22.2	< 0.001	16.0	18.2	0.5

Geographical factors^*

Urbanicity

Urban	77.6	78.3	0.8	21.1	20.7	0.9	23.8	22.7	0.7

Rural	22.4	21.7	0.8	78.9	79.3	0.9	76.2	77.3	0.7

Geographic region

Atlantic^‡	8.9	9.5	0.6	9.1	9.4	0.8	8.7	9.6	0.5

Quebec	26.9	9.5	< 0.001	27.4	10.0	< 0.001	26.4	9.0	< 0.001

Ontario	35.3	32.2	0.3	35.5	26.3	0.03	35	37.6	0.6

Prairie^‡	17.5	33.7	< 0.001	16.9	37.5	< 0.001	18.2	30	< 0.001

British Columbia	11.5	15.2	0.07	11.2	16.8	0.06	11.7	13.6	0.5

Observations	17 367	933		9535	514		7832	419

Represented population	17 818 298	754 982		9 037 405	365 300		8 780 893	389 682

Note: SD = standard deviation.
↵* Explanatory variables.
↵† Annual household income equivalized by dividing it by the square root of household size as per the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development publications (29) and logged to correct for skewness in analyses.
↵‡ Atlantic includes the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; Prairie includes the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.