Comparison of mechanism and injury diagnoses for the study population based on location of death (out-of-hospital versus in-hospital)
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | Standardized difference† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total deaths n = 19 408 | Out-of-hospital deaths n = 14 089 | In-hospital deaths n = 5319 | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Female | 4879 (25.1) | 3448 (24.5) | 1431 (26.9) | 0.1 |
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 45 (26–62) | 44 (27–59) | 49 (26–71) | 0.2 |
| Rural residence | 4284 (22.1) | 3234 (23.0) | 1050 (19.7) | 0.1 |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score, median (range) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.1 |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||
| Motor vehicle collision (all types) | 12 065 (62.2) | 8273 (58.7) | 3792 (71.3) | 0.3 |
| Gunshot wound | 3134 (16.1) | 2754 (19.5) | 380 (7.1) | 0.4 |
| Fall | 2387 (12.3) | 1736 (12.3) | 651 (12.2) | < 0.1 |
| Stabbing | 1135 (5.8) | 855 (6.1) | 280 (5.3) | < 0.1 |
| Person struck‡ | 687 (3.5) | 471 (3.3) | 216 (4.1) | < 0.1 |
| Nature of injury | ||||
| Suicide | 4331 (22.3) | 3884 (27.6) | 447 (8.4) | 0.5 |
| Injury diagnosis by body region§ | ||||
| Multiple body-system | 8986 (46.3) | 6816 (48.4) | 2170 (40.8) | 0.1 |
| Traumatic brain¶ | 7527 (38.8) | 5275 (37.4) | 2252 (42.3) | < 0.1 |
| Thoracic | 3343 (17.2) | 2351 (16.7) | 992 (18.7) | 0.1 |
| Neck and cervical spine | 1334 (6.9) | 975 (6.9) | 359 (6.7) | 0.2 |
| Abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis | 1137 (5.9) | 684 (4.9) | 453 (8.5) | 0.2 |
| Limb | 409 (2.1) | 248 (1.8) | 161 (3.0) | 0.1 |
| Complications and sequelae of injuries | 274 (1.4) | 167 (1.2) | 107 (2.0) | 0.1 |
Note: IQR = interquartile range.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Standardized difference > 0.1 indicates a statistically significant difference between groups.
↵‡ Includes diagnoses involving persons struck by other persons or various objects.
↵§ Some people had injuries in more than 1 body region.
↵¶ Includes head, brain and facial injuries.