Multivariable logistic regression of the variables included in final parsimonious model
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted* | |
| Initial supply, d | ||
| < 15 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 15 to 29 | 5.26 (4.79 to 5.79) | 4.20 (3.81 to 4.62) |
| ≥ 30 | 15.55 (14.38 to 16.82) | 11.44 (10.55 to 12.41) |
| Diagnoses or events associated with chronic or acute pain | ||
| Accident, fracture or surgery claims | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Diagnosis associated with chronic pain | 5.17 (4.68 to 5.71) | 3.65 (3.30 to 4.05) |
| Other diagnosis associated with pain | 1.70 (1.48 to 1.94) | 1.59 (1.38 to 1.82) |
| Hospital or ED claim for unknown diagnosis in 7 d before index date | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.43) | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.37) |
| Unknown diagnosis | 4.20 (3.76 to 4.68) | 2.85 (2.55 to 3.19) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ED = emergency department, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference category.
↵* Adjusted for all other variables listed in this table (i.e., initial days’ supply and diagnoses or events associated with chronic or acute pain).