Baseline characteristics of study sample stratified by presence of metabolic syndrome*
| Characteristic | Total n = 15 766 | Metabolic syndrome n = 700 | No metabolic syndrome n = 15 066 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%)† | Mean ± SD‡ | No. (%) | Mean ± SD‡ | No. (%) | Mean ± SD‡ | |
| Age, yr | 15 766 (100.0) | 30.9 ± 5.9 | 700 (100.0) | 34.3 ± 4.8 | 15 066 (100.0) | 30.8 ± 5.9 |
| Sex, female | 10 002 (63.4) | – | 346 (49.4) | – | 9656 (64.1) | – |
| BMI | 11 835 (75.0) | 27.9 ± 7.5 | 657 (93.8) | 35.8 ± 10.6 | 11 178 (74.2) | 27.4 ± 7.0 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 14 185 (90.0) | 119.2 ± 13.0 | 678 (96.8) | 130.1 ± 13.3 | 13 507 (89.6) | 118.7 ± 12.7 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 14 185 (90.0) | 75.9 ± 9.9 | 678 (96.8) | 84.1 ± 9.3 | 13 507 (89.6) | 75.5 ± 9.7 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 2007 (12.7) | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 343 (49.0) | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 1664 (11.0) | 5.0 ± 1.1 |
| HbA1c, % | 3846 (24.4) | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 548 (78.3) | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 3298 (21.9) | 5.3 ± 0.7 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2568 (16.3) | 1.3 (0.2–2.4) | 633 (90.4) | 2.1 (1.0–3.2) | 1935 (12.8) | 1.1 (0.4–1.8) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2403 (15.2) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 608 (86.8) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1795 (11.9) | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
Note: BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, FBG = fasting blood glucose, HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.
↵* For metabolic syndrome cases: overweight includes BMI ≥ 25; systolic BP ≥ 130 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg; FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L; HbA1c ≥ 6.0%; triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; reduced HDL cholesterol < 1.0 (men), < 1.3 (women). Exclusion of outliers was based on expert clinical judgment for BMI < 15 and > 55, and BP outside the range of 60–300 mm Hg for systolic BP and 30–200 mm Hg for diastolic BP.
↵† Represents no. (%) of participants for whom these data were available, except for sex, which represents proportion of female participants.
↵‡ Unless stated otherwise.