Substance use by group and pregnancy period, before–after changes and difference in before–after changes
| Indicator | No. (%) of participants*; pregnancy period and study group | Change between baseline and weeks 34–36; study group | Crude difference in before–after changes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (< 28 wk) | Weeks 34–36 | ||||||
| Comparison n = 371 | NFP n = 368 | Comparison n = 371 | NFP n = 368 | Comparison | NFP | ||
| Cigarette use | 103/370 (27.8) | 93/366 (25.4) | 85/335 (25.4) | 64/326 (19.6) | −2.5 | −5.8 | −3.3 |
| Cigarette count among smokers, mean ± SD† | 6.8 ± 6.1 | 8.4 ± 6.81 | 6.1 ± 7.0 | 5.9 ± 5.9 | −0.8 | −2.5 | −1.7 |
| Alcohol use | 19/369 (5.1) | 23/367 (6.3) | 11/335 (3.3) | 12/326 (3.7) | −1.9 | −2.6 | −0.7 |
| Cannabis use | 96/371 (25.9) | 93/367 (25.3) | 71/335 (21.2) | 55/326 (16.9) | −4.7 | −8.5 | −3.8 |
| Street drug use | 4/369 (1.1) | 9/366 (2.5) | 2/335 (0.6) | 0/326 (0) | −0.5 | −2.5 | −2.0 |
| Any substance use | 158/367 (43.1) | 159/363 (43.8) | 127/335 (37.9) | 106/326 (32.5) | −5.1 | −11.3 | −6.1 |
Note: NFP = Nurse-Family Partnership, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† Smokers were defined as participants using cigarettes (in the past 2 d) at baseline or at 34–36 weeks’ gestation or both. Baseline cigarette-count data were gathered from 114 participants in the comparison group and 96 participants in the NFP group. Cigarette-count data at 34–36 weeks’ gestation were gathered from 106 participants in the comparison group and 80 participants in the NFP group.