Association between air pollution and hospital admission for myocardial infarction with increases in the interquartile range of pollutants during various referent time intervals in regions with differing nitrogen dioxide pollution levels
Pollutant (median with IQR) | Lag (days) | OR* (95% CI) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entire study population (citywide NO2) n = 6142 | Low NO2 tertile n = 1660 | Medium NO2 tertile n = 3088 | High NO2 tertile† n = 1384 | ||
CO (0.35, IQR 0.27–0.47) | 0 index day | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
1-day lag | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) | |
2-day lag | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 1.09 (0.99–1.21) | |
0- to 4-day average | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 0.96 (0.88–1.03) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | |
NO2 (18.22, IQR 12.67–25.00) | 0 index day | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) |
1-day lag | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 1.16 (1.05–1.28)† | |
2-day lag | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 1.00 (0.93–1.06) | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1.00 (0.88–1.12) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 1.20 (1.05–1.36) | |
0- to 4-day average | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 1.20 (1.03–1.40)† | |
O3 max (39.00, IQR 32.00–47.00) | 0 index day | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1.02 (0.96–1.10) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
1-day lag | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.97 (0.93–1.03) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | |
2-day lag | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | |
0- to 2-day average | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | |
SO2 (1.00, IQR 1.00–2.00) | 0 index day | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15)† |
1-day lag | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 1.10 (1.03–1.16) | |
2-day lag | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | |
PM10 20.00, IQR 14.00–30.00) | 0 index day | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 1.03 (0.97–1.08) |
1-day lag | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.06 (1.01–1.12)† | |
2-day lag | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16)† | |
0- to 4-day average | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | |
PM2.5 (7.00, IQR 4.33–10.50) | 0 index day | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.06 (1.00–1.11) |
1-day lag | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | |
2-day lag | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.96 (0.90–1.01) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.07 (1.00–1.13) | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | |
AQHI (4.01, IQR 3.49–4.65) | 0 index day | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) |
1-day lag | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.12 (1.05–1.20)† | |
2-day lag | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | |
0- to 2-day average | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23)† | |
0- to 4-day average | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 1.13 (1.02–1.24)† |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CO = carbon monoxide, IQR = interquartile range, NO2 = nitrogen dioxide, OR = odds ratio, O3 = ozone, PM10 = particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter, PM2.5 = particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter, SO2 = sulfur dioxide.
* Odds ratios are adjusted for temperature and relative humidity.
↵† Significant difference comparing OR in the highest NO2 tertile to the lowest NO2 tertile using the Cochran Q test.
Significant associations are bolded.