Markets and DINs in drug shortage and shortage duration
| Variable | Markets | Branded DINs | Generic DINs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n | Markets in shortage, n (%) | Shortage duration,* mean days ± SD | Total, n | DINs in shortage n (%) | Shortage duration,* mean days ± SD | Total, n | DINs in shortage n (%) | Shortage duration,* mean days ± SD | |
| All | 3470 | 462 (13.3) | 136.6 ±149.2 | 2322 | 426 (18.3) | 99.9 ± 111.7 | 6527 | 1730 (26.5) | 167.6 ± 149.1 |
| Market structure | |||||||||
| B and G single | 208 | 31 (14.9) | 134.5 ± 131.2 | 235 | 64 (27.2) | 120.4 ± 124.7 | 214 | 73 (34.1) | 163.2 ± 160.9 |
| B and G multiple | 620 | 13 (2.1) | 126.5 ± 142.3 | 681 | 131 (19.2) | 100.0 ± 109.9 | 4423 | 1169 (26.4) | 162.5 ± 144.9 |
| G single | 454 | 124 (27.3) | 187.2 ± 169.2 | 464 | 127 (27.4) | 188.2 ± 169.3 | |||
| G multiple | 387 | 36 (9.3) | 130.0 ± 158.1 | 1426 | 361 (25.3) | 177.9 ± 152.2 | |||
| BIO | 484 | 49 (10.1) | 192.1 ± 184.6 | ||||||
| B only | 1317 | 209 (15.9) | 95.6 ± 112.7 | 1406 | 231 (16.4) | 94.1 ± 108.7 | |||
| Route of administration or form | |||||||||
| Injection | 991 | 119 (12.0) | 168.5 ± 170.3 | 323 | 59 (18.3) | 105.3 ± 108.1 | 640 | 151 (23.6) | 181.8 ± 163.1 |
| Oral nonsolid | 189 | 44 (23.3) | 159.4 ± 170.8 | 123 | 23 (18.7) | 108.6 ± 123.2 | 134 | 40 (29.9) | 188.4 ± 164.7 |
| Oral solid regular release | 1513 | 154 (10.2) | 132.6 ± 149.8 | 1195 | 198 (16.6) | 104.3 ± 119.2 | 4789 | 1239 (25.9) | 165.3 ± 145.7 |
| Oral solid special release | 238 | 25 (10.5) | 84.0 ± 108.8 | 254 | 39 (15.4) | 75.2 ± 108.3 | 526 | 144 (27.4) | 179.6 ± 160.0 |
| Other | 539 | 120 (22.3) | 112.5 ± 115.1 | 427 | 107 (25.1) | 95.8 ± 97.9 | 438 | 156 (35.6) | 156.0 ± 147.4 |
| Essential medicine | |||||||||
| No | 2981 | 388 (13.0) | 136.5 ± 149.0 | 1945 | 361 (18.6) | 103.3 ± 114.7 | 4923 | 1277 (25.9) | 167.5 ± 149.6 |
| Yes | 489 | 74 (15.1) | 137.2 ± 151.1 | 377 | 65 (17.2) | 80.9 ± 91.5 | 1604 | 453 (28.2) | 167.9 ± 147.9 |
| On formulary† | |||||||||
| No | 878 | 107 (12.2) | 153.6 ± 168.0 | 512 | 83 (16.2) | 116.8 ± 131.7 | 1171 | 222 (19.0) | 154.8 ± 142.6 |
| Yes | 2592 | 355 (13.7) | 131.5 ± 142.9 | 1810 | 343 (19.0) | 95.8 ± 106.1 | 5356 | 1508 (28.2) | 169.5 ± 150.0 |
| DIN age, yr | |||||||||
| < 3 | 250 | 8 (3.2) | 102.4 ± 105.7 | 1154 | 193 (16.7) | 183.1 ± 153.7 | |||
| ≥ 3 | 2072 | 418 (20.2) | 99.8 ± 111.9 | 5373 | 1537 (28.6) | 165.7 ± 148.5 | |||
| Top 50 manufacturers‡ | |||||||||
| No | 520 | 85 (16.3) | 119.2 ± 105.8 | 1942 | 358 (18.4) | 173.7 ± 149.1 | |||
| Yes | 1802 | 341 (18.9) | 95.1 ± 112.8 | 4585 | 1372 (29.9) | 166.1 ± 149.2 | |||
| Manufacturer size§ | |||||||||
| Small | 731 | 78 (10.7) | 115.8 ± 111.3 | 322 | 43 (13.4) | 189.6 ± 186.8 | |||
| Medium | 682 | 143 (21.0) | 112.4 ± 128.3 | 636 | 146 (23.0) | 135.6 ± 119.5 | |||
| Large | 909 | 205 (22.6) | 85.0 ± 97.1 | 5569 | 1541 (27.7) | 170.1 ± 150.2 | |||
Note: B = branded manufacturer, BIO = biologic manufacturer, DIN = Drug Identification Number, G = generic manufacturer, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Shortage duration among those in shortage.
↵† On provincial formulary in at least 1 of the included provinces.
↵‡ Top 50 manufacturers by drug cost from public drug plans in Canada in 2017/18.
↵§ Manufacturer size was defined by the total number of DINs. Small: 1–40, Medium: 40–99, Large: 100+.