Table 1:

Prevalence and trends in past-year cannabis use among men and women in Canada, by respondent characteristics with crude and adjusted ORs, 2004–2017

CharacteristicMen*
n = 129 984†		Women*
n = 159 839†
Prevalence, % (95% CI)OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡Prevalence, % (95% CI)OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡
Trend§
 Before 20111.00 (0.98–1.03)1.03 (1.00–1.05)0.98 (0.96–1.01)1.01 (0.98–1.03)
 After 20111.10 (1.04–1.16)1.24 (1.05–1.46)1.11 (1.05–1.18)1.13 (0.93–1.37)
Age, yr
 15–1925.7 (24.4–27.1)4.31 (3.91–4.76)10.02 (8.70–11.53)19.6 (18.5–20.8)6.53 (5.82–7.32)16.66 (14.30–19.40)
 20–2433.0 (31.7–34.4)6.16 (5.60–6.77)9.29 (8.24–10.46)22.1 (20.9–23.4)7.57 (6.75–8.49)11.69 (10.23–13.35)
 25–3422.0 (20.5–23.6)3.51 (3.12–3.94)4.21 (3.70–4.80)11.4 (10.4–12.5)3.41 (2.98–3.91)3.78 (3.28–4.36)
 35–4411.8 (10.9–12.8)1.66 (1.48–1.87)1.81 (1.59–2.06)5.5 (5.0–6.2)1.56 (1.35–1.80)1.67 (1.43–1.95)
 45–647.5 (7.0–8.0)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)3.6 (3.4–4.0)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)
 ≥ 651.3 (1.0–1.6)0.16 (0.12–0.20)0.17 (0.12–0.23)0.5 (0.4–0.7)0.13 (0.09–0.18)0.15 (0.10–0.22)
Education
 Less than high school13.8 (13.0–14.7)1.64 (1.46–1.86)0.86 (0.74–0.99)7.5 (6.9–8.1)1.52 (1.34–1.74)0.72 (0.61–0.85)
 Completed high school15.9 (15.1–16.7)1.91 (1.70–2.15)1.02 (0.90–1.16)7.8 (7.3–8.4)1.58 (1.40–1.78)0.93 (0.81–1.07)
 Completed college14.9 (14.0–15.8)1.77 (1.57–2.00)1.10 (0.97–1.25)8.2 (7.7–8.8)1.64 (1.45–1.85)1.10 (0.96–1.26)
 Completed university9.0 (8.3–9.9)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)5.2 (4.7–5.7)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)
Tobacco smoking
 Current smoker31.9 (30.6–33.1)4.84 (4.46–5.25)7.51 (6.78–8.32)19.2 (18.2–20.3)4.86 (4.43–5.33)7.66 (6.86–8.55)
 Former smoker9.0 (8.4–9.7)1.01 (0.92–1.11)2.78 (2.46–3.14)6.2 (5.7–6.8)1.33 (1.20–1.48)3.56 (3.12–4.06)
 Never smoker9.0 (8.6–9.5)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)4.8 (4.5–5.1)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)
Province
 Newfoundland and Labrador11.8 (11.0–12.7)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)5.6 (5.1–6.1)1.00 (Ref.)1.00 (Ref.)
 Prince Edward Island12.5 (11.7–13.5)1.07 (0.95–1.20)1.14 (0.99–1.32)6.2 (5.7–6.8)1.13 (0.99–1.29)1.19 (1.02–1.40)
 Nova Scotia16.2 (15.3–17.1)1.44 (1.29–1.60)1.61 (1.41–1.83)8.9 (8.3–9.5)1.65 (1.46–1.88)1.87 (1.60–2.17)
 New Brunswick12.7 (11.9–13.5)1.08 (0.97–1.21)1.14 (1.00–1.31)6.3 (5.7–6.8)1.13 (0.99–1.29)1.23 (1.05–1.44)
 Quebec13.4 (12.6–14.2)1.15 (1.04–1.28)1.26 (1.11–1.44)6.7 (6.2–7.2)1.20 (1.06–1.36)1.22 (1.05–1.42)
 Ontario12.8 (12.0–13.6)1.09 (0.98–1.22)1.16 (1.01–1.32)6.9 (6.4–7.4)1.25 (1.10–1.42)1.46 (1.25–1.69)
 Manitoba12.7 (11.8–13.6)1.08 (0.97–1.21)1.13 (0.98–1.30)7.7 (7.1–8.3)1.40 (1.23–1.60)1.45 (1.24–1.70)
 Saskatchewan11.8 (11.1–12.6)1.00 (0.89–1.11)0.95 (0.83–1.09)6.4 (5.9–7.0)1.16 (1.01–1.33)1.11 (0.95–1.31)
 Alberta12.7 (11.9–13.6)1.08 (0.97–1.21)1.05 (0.92–1.20)7.3 (6.8–7.9)1.33 (1.16–1.51)1.28 (1.09–1.49)
 British Columbia16.1 (15.1–17.1)1.43 (1.29–1.60)1.78 (1.56–2.03)10.0 (9.1–10.8)1.86 (1.63–2.14)2.40 (2.06–2.80)

  • Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference category.

  • ↵* Sex was self-reported as male or female.

  • ↵† The total sample size across all surveys from 2004–2017 was 295 090 respondents. Of these, we excluded 4629 (1.6%) because of missing data on cannabis consumption, and we excluded a further 638 (0.2%) observations because of missing data on age and tobacco smoking. The analytical sample size was 289 823, and 159 839 were female (weighted frequency 51%).

  • ↵‡ Mutually adjusted model, includes terms for time trends, age, education, tobacco smoking and province.

  • ↵§ Trend analyses from segmented logistic regression models.

  • ↵ Education was not collected in 2013 and 2015.