Characteristic | Men* n = 129 984† | Women* n = 159 839† | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence, % (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | |
Trend§ | ||||||
Before 2011 | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | ||
After 2011 | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | 1.24 (1.05–1.46) | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | ||
Age, yr | ||||||
15–19 | 25.7 (24.4–27.1) | 4.31 (3.91–4.76) | 10.02 (8.70–11.53) | 19.6 (18.5–20.8) | 6.53 (5.82–7.32) | 16.66 (14.30–19.40) |
20–24 | 33.0 (31.7–34.4) | 6.16 (5.60–6.77) | 9.29 (8.24–10.46) | 22.1 (20.9–23.4) | 7.57 (6.75–8.49) | 11.69 (10.23–13.35) |
25–34 | 22.0 (20.5–23.6) | 3.51 (3.12–3.94) | 4.21 (3.70–4.80) | 11.4 (10.4–12.5) | 3.41 (2.98–3.91) | 3.78 (3.28–4.36) |
35–44 | 11.8 (10.9–12.8) | 1.66 (1.48–1.87) | 1.81 (1.59–2.06) | 5.5 (5.0–6.2) | 1.56 (1.35–1.80) | 1.67 (1.43–1.95) |
45–64 | 7.5 (7.0–8.0) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 3.6 (3.4–4.0) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
≥ 65 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.16 (0.12–0.20) | 0.17 (0.12–0.23) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.13 (0.09–0.18) | 0.15 (0.10–0.22) |
Education¶ | ||||||
Less than high school | 13.8 (13.0–14.7) | 1.64 (1.46–1.86) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 7.5 (6.9–8.1) | 1.52 (1.34–1.74) | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) |
Completed high school | 15.9 (15.1–16.7) | 1.91 (1.70–2.15) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 7.8 (7.3–8.4) | 1.58 (1.40–1.78) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
Completed college | 14.9 (14.0–15.8) | 1.77 (1.57–2.00) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 8.2 (7.7–8.8) | 1.64 (1.45–1.85) | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) |
Completed university | 9.0 (8.3–9.9) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 5.2 (4.7–5.7) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Tobacco smoking | ||||||
Current smoker | 31.9 (30.6–33.1) | 4.84 (4.46–5.25) | 7.51 (6.78–8.32) | 19.2 (18.2–20.3) | 4.86 (4.43–5.33) | 7.66 (6.86–8.55) |
Former smoker | 9.0 (8.4–9.7) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 2.78 (2.46–3.14) | 6.2 (5.7–6.8) | 1.33 (1.20–1.48) | 3.56 (3.12–4.06) |
Never smoker | 9.0 (8.6–9.5) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Province | ||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador | 11.8 (11.0–12.7) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 5.6 (5.1–6.1) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Prince Edward Island | 12.5 (11.7–13.5) | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 6.2 (5.7–6.8) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) |
Nova Scotia | 16.2 (15.3–17.1) | 1.44 (1.29–1.60) | 1.61 (1.41–1.83) | 8.9 (8.3–9.5) | 1.65 (1.46–1.88) | 1.87 (1.60–2.17) |
New Brunswick | 12.7 (11.9–13.5) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.14 (1.00–1.31) | 6.3 (5.7–6.8) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.23 (1.05–1.44) |
Quebec | 13.4 (12.6–14.2) | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) | 1.26 (1.11–1.44) | 6.7 (6.2–7.2) | 1.20 (1.06–1.36) | 1.22 (1.05–1.42) |
Ontario | 12.8 (12.0–13.6) | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) | 6.9 (6.4–7.4) | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | 1.46 (1.25–1.69) |
Manitoba | 12.7 (11.8–13.6) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 7.7 (7.1–8.3) | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 1.45 (1.24–1.70) |
Saskatchewan | 11.8 (11.1–12.6) | 1.00 (0.89–1.11) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 6.4 (5.9–7.0) | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) |
Alberta | 12.7 (11.9–13.6) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 7.3 (6.8–7.9) | 1.33 (1.16–1.51) | 1.28 (1.09–1.49) |
British Columbia | 16.1 (15.1–17.1) | 1.43 (1.29–1.60) | 1.78 (1.56–2.03) | 10.0 (9.1–10.8) | 1.86 (1.63–2.14) | 2.40 (2.06–2.80) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference category.
↵* Sex was self-reported as male or female.
↵† The total sample size across all surveys from 2004–2017 was 295 090 respondents. Of these, we excluded 4629 (1.6%) because of missing data on cannabis consumption, and we excluded a further 638 (0.2%) observations because of missing data on age and tobacco smoking. The analytical sample size was 289 823, and 159 839 were female (weighted frequency 51%).
↵‡ Mutually adjusted model, includes terms for time trends, age, education, tobacco smoking and province.
↵§ Trend analyses from segmented logistic regression models.
↵¶ Education was not collected in 2013 and 2015.