Characteristics of eligible total hip arthroplasty recipients
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | Standardized difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients n = 42 273 | Emergency department visit n = 5640 | No emergency department visit n = 36 633 | ||
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 67 (59–74) | 68 (60–76) | 67 (59–74) | 0.12 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 22 758 (53.8) | 2881 (51.1) | 19 877 (54.3) | 0.06 |
| Male | 19 515 (46.2) | 2759 (48.9) | 16 756 (45.7) | 0.06 |
| Rural residence | 6956 (16.5) | 1218 (21.6) | 5738 (15.7) | 0.15 |
| Ethnic concentration quintile†‡ | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 10 601 (25.2) | 1595 (28.5) | 9006 (24.7) | 0.09 |
| 2 | 9968 (23.7) | 1324 (23.7) | 8644 (23.7) | 0.0 |
| 3 | 8988 (21.4) | 1087 (19.4) | 7901 (21.7) | 0.06 |
| 4 | 7524 (17.9) | 945 (16.9) | 6579 (18.1) | 0.03 |
| 5 (highest) | 4961 (11.8) | 643 (11.5) | 4318 (11.8) | 0.01 |
| Instability quintile†‡ | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 6457 (15.4) | 731 (13.1) | 5726 (15.7) | 0.08 |
| 2 | 8589 (20.4) | 1063 (19.0) | 7526 (20.6) | 0.04 |
| 3 | 9031 (21.5) | 1223 (21.9) | 7808 (21.4) | 0.01 |
| 4 | 8673 (20.6) | 1265 (22.6) | 7408 (20.3) | 0.06 |
| 5 (highest) | 9292 (22.1) | 1312 (23.5) | 7980 (21.9) | 0.04 |
| Dependency quintile†‡ | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 5771 (13.7) | 744 (13.3) | 5027 (13.8) | 0.01 |
| 2 | 7018 (16.7) | 890 (15.9) | 6128 (16.8) | 0.02 |
| 3 | 7945 (18.9) | 977 (17.5) | 6968 (19.1) | 0.04 |
| 4 | 8714 (20.7) | 1150 (20.6) | 7564 (20.8) | 0.0 |
| 5 (highest) | 12 594 (30.0) | 1833 (32.8) | 10 761 (29.5) | 0.07 |
| Deprivation quintile†‡ | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 10 144 (24.1) | 1219 (21.8) | 8925 (24.5) | 0.06 |
| 2 | 9217 (21.9) | 1203 (21.5) | 8014 (22.0) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 8375 (19.9) | 1151 (20.6) | 7224 (19.8) | 0.02 |
| 4 | 7845 (18.7) | 1091 (19.5) | 6754 (18.5) | 0.02 |
| 5 (highest) | 6461 (15.4) | 930 (16.6) | 5531 (15.2) | 0.04 |
| Income quintile‡ | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 6475 (15.3) | 964 (17.1) | 5511 (15.1) | 0.06 |
| 2 | 7861 (18.6) | 1072 (19.1) | 6789 (18.6) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 8446 (20.0) | 1135 (20.2) | 7311 (20.0) | 0.0 |
| 4 | 8899 (21.1) | 1173 (20.8) | 7726 (21.1) | 0.01 |
| 5 (highest) | 10 510 (24.9) | 1282 (22.8) | 9228 (25.2) | 0.06 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Asthma | 1483 (3.5) | 252 (4.5) | 1231 (3.4) | 0.06 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1358 (3.2) | 220 (3.9) | 1138 (3.1) | 0.05 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1773 (4.2) | 305 (5.4) | 1468 (4.0) | 0.07 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7304 (17.3) | 1186 (21.0) | 6118 (16.7) | 0.11 |
| Counselled about smoking cessation | 2560 (6.1) | 351 (6.2) | 2209 (6.0) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes | 8396 (19.9) | 1219 (21.6) | 7177 (19.6) | 0.05 |
| Complicated diabetes | 1553 (3.7) | 261 (4.6) | 1292 (3.5) | 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 26 723 (63.2) | 3768 (66.8) | 22 955 (62.7) | 0.09 |
| Frailty | 2077 (4.9) | 309 (5.5) | 1768 (4.8) | 0.03 |
| Body mass index > 40 | 2462 (5.8) | 391 (6.9) | 2071 (5.7) | 0.05 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | ||||
| 0 | 32 511 (76.9) | 4196 (74.4) | 28 315 (77.3) | 0.07 |
| 1 | 6141 (14.5) | 832 (14.8) | 5309 (14.5) | 0.01 |
| 2 | 2344 (5.5) | 403 (7.1) | 1941 (5.3) | 0.08 |
| ≥ 3 | 1277 (3.0) | 209 (3.7) | 1068 (2.9) | 0.04 |
| Admission characteristics | ||||
| Hospital volume, median (IQR) | 277 (195–515) | 274 (193–510) | 278 (195–516) | 0.02 |
| Surgeon volume, median (IQR) | 69 (47–105) | 70 (46–104) | 69 (47–105) | 0.01 |
| General anesthesia | 7649 (18.1) | 1024 (18.2) | 6625 (18.1) | 0.00 |
| Change in annual health care costs, 2013 dollars, median (IQR) | −733 (−2228 to 2866) | 501 (−1587 to 8417) | −865 (−2292 to 2071) | 0.35 |
| Readmission within 30 d | 130 (0.3) | 58 (1.0) | 72 (0.2) | 0.11 |