Table 3:

Multivariable prevalence ratios for strongly agreeing with specific vaccination policies pertaining to penalties and rewards^*

Characteristic	Penalties				Rewards

	Deny child tax benefit n = 1285	Deny unemployment benefits n = 1300	Tax or fine n = 1304	Allow doctors to refuse unvaccinated patients n = 1289	Special tax break or credit n = 1304	Financial reward n = 1304
Sex, female	0.68^†	0.61^†	NS	NS	NS	NS

Age, yr

18–24	NS	2.81^†	1.70	3.26^†	2.20^‡	5.26^†

25–34	NS	2.03^‡	1.83^†	3.22^§	2.06^†	4.57^†

35–44	NS	1.74	1.63^‡	2.62^†	1.36	2.73^†

45–54	NS	1.48	1.48	1.93^‡	1.06	2.26^‡

55–64	NS	1.31	1.33	2.12^‡	0.73	1.15

≥ 65	NS	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.

Children aged < 19 yr	NS	NS	NS	NS	1.75^§	1.97^†

Foreign born	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	1.60^†

Education level

≤ Secondary/high school	Ref.	NS	NS	Ref.	NS	NS

College/trade/technical degree	1.65^†	NS	NS	1.99^†	NS	NS

≥ University degree	2.00^†	NS	NS	1.66^‡	NS	NS

Positive vaccine attitudes (composite measure)	5.73^§	6.48^§	8.26^§	6.63^§	2.73^§	2.81^§

Note: NS = not significant at p = 0.05 in the univariate model, Ref. = reference category.
↵* ”Negative information about vaccines from friends”, “Negative information about vaccines from family”, “Delayed or refused vaccine for their child”, “Refused vaccines for themselves” “Family member delayed or refused vaccine for their child”, “Family member delayed or refused vaccine for themselves” and income were not significant predictors in any multivariate model for penalty or reward policies and are not shown in the table.
↵† p < 0.01.
↵‡ p ≤ 0.05.
↵§ p < 0.001.