Characteristic | Information and services | Requirements | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
More government-funded research n = 1308 | More information access n = 1300 | More vaccination services n = 1304 | School coverage rates public n = 1289 | Parents provide vaccination records n = 1285 | Parents provide signed refusal n = 1285 | Parent education sessions n = 1300 | Ban from school n = 1289 | |
Sex, female | NS | 1.18‡ | NS | NS | 1.21§ | 1.23§ | 1.24§ | NS |
Foreign born | 1.34§ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.80‡ |
Annual household income, $ | ||||||||
≥ 100 000 | Ref. | NS | Ref. | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
75 000–99 999 | 1.18 | NS | 0.99 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
35 000–74 999 | 1.38§ | NS | 1.37§ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
< 35 000 | 1.43§ | NS | 1.40‡ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Education level | ||||||||
≤ Secondary/high school | NS | NS | NS | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | NS | Ref. |
College/trade/technical degree | NS | NS | NS | 1.23 | 1.22§ | 1.11 | NS | 1.22‡ |
≥ University degree | NS | NS | NS | 1.42§ | 1.25§ | 1.23§ | NS | 1.19 |
Positive vaccine attitudes (composite measure) | NS | 1.42¶ | 4.81¶ | 3.47¶ | 3.67¶ | 2.52¶ | 3.91¶ | 4.92¶ |
Delayed or refused vaccine for child† | 1.24‡ | 1.33§ | NS | NS | NS | 0.78‡ | NS | NS |
Refused vaccine for themselves | 1.39¶ | 1.37§ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1.40§ |
Friend delayed or refused vaccine for child | NS | 1.22§ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Family member delayed or refused vaccine for themselves | NS | NS | NS | 1.34§ | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Friend delayed or refused vaccine for themselves | NS | NS | 1.25§ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Negative information about vaccines from family | 1.22§ | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Note: NS = not significant at p = 0.05 in the univariate model, Ref. = reference category.
↵* ”Negative information about vaccines from friends,” “Family member delayed or refused vaccine for their child,” age group and having children aged less than 19 years were not significant predictors in any multivariate model for information and services or requirement policies and are not shown in the table.
↵† ”Delayed or refused vaccine for their child” was modelled with 3 levels: 1) referent group was parents who did not delay/refuse vaccines; 2) estimate shown in table is for parents who did delay/refuse vaccines; 3) individuals without children (not shown in table).
↵‡ p ≤ 0.05.
↵§ p < 0.01.
↵¶ p < 0.001.