Characteristic | No. (%) of trials* | ||
---|---|---|---|
Overall n = 189 | EHR-evaluating n = 172 | EHR-supported n = 17 | |
EHR for intervention | 172 (91.0) | 172 (100.0) | – |
Computerized physician order entry system or clinical decision-support system | 128 (67.7) | 128 (74.4) | – |
Telehealth | 14 (7.4) | 14 (8.1) | – |
Personal health record | 26 (13.8) | 26 (15.1) | – |
Electronic patient-reported outcomes | 4 (2.1) | 4 (2.3) | – |
EHR for outcome measurement | 158 (83.6) | 143 (83.1) | 15 (88) |
EHR for patient recruitment | 105 (55.6) | 91 (52.9) | 14 (82) |
Country/region | |||
North America | 153 (81.0) | 140 (81.4) | 13 (76) |
United Kingdom | 9 (4.8) | 7 (4.1) | 2 (12) |
Continental Europe | 15 (7.9) | 14 (8.1) | 1 (6) |
Other† | 12 (6.3) | 11 (6.4) | 1 (6) |
Cluster RCT | 64 (33.9) | 61 (35.5) | 3 (18) |
Unit of randomization | |||
Clinician | 49 (25.9) | 46 (26.7) | 3 (18) |
Patient | 76 (40.2) | 65 (37.8) | 11 (65) |
Pharmacy | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) |
Practice/clinic | 54 (28.6) | 51 (29.6) | 3 (18) |
Unit/floor | 9 (4.8) | 9 (5.2) | 0 (0) |
Publication year, median (IQR) | 2012 (2009–2014) | 2012 (2009–2014) | 2013 (2010–2013) |
Sample size, median (IQR) | |||
Total | 89 (24–732) | 80 (22–513) | 732 (73–2513) |
Cluster RCTs excluded | 239 (57–1187) | 254 (60–1187) | 900 (111–3075) |
Cluster RCTs only | 24 (12–47) | 24 (12–52) | 18 (12–24) |
Blinding | |||
Open label | 27 (14.3) | 23 (13.4) | 4 (24) |
Single-blinded | 19 (10.0) | 18 (10.5) | 1 (6) |
Double-blinded | 7 (3.7) | 6 (3.5) | 1 (6) |
Outcome assessment blinding | 35 (18.5) | 30 (17.4) | 5 (29) |
Not reported | 101 (53.4) | 95 (55.2) | 6 (35) |