Patient characteristics as a function of driving time to the nearest hepatopancreatobiliary surgical centre
| Variable | Driving time, min; no. (%) of patients* | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 30 n = 974 | 31–60 n = 237 | 61–120 n = 154 | 121–180 n = 128 | > 180 n = 117 | Total n = 1610 | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 524 (53.8) | 115 (48.5) | 73 (47.4) | 67 (52.3) | 61 (52.1) | 840 (52.2) | 0.4 |
| Male | 450 (46.2) | 122 (51.5) | 81 (52.6) | 61 (47.7) | 56 (47.9) | 770 (47.8) | |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 67.6 ± 13.0 | 65.4 ± 12.8 | 67.5 ± 11.5 | 67.7 ± 12.7 | 64.8 ± 13.5 | 67.1 ± 12.9 | 0.05 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | |||||||
| ≤ 2 | 391 (40.1) | 95 (40.1) | 64 (41.6) | 46 (35.9) | 52 (44.4) | 648 (40.2) | 0.9 |
| 3–4 | 251 (25.8) | 59 (24.9) | 37 (24.0) | 36 (28.1) | 24 (20.5) | 407 (25.3) | |
| ≥ 5 | 332 (34.1) | 83 (35.0) | 53 (34.4) | 46 (35.9) | 41 (35.0) | 555 (34.5) | |
| Tumour type | |||||||
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 241 (24.7) | 57 (24. 0) | 35 (22.7) | 22 (17.2) | 31 (26.5) | 386 (24.0) | 0.3 |
| Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 332 (34.1) | 76 (32.1) | 53 (34.4) | 43 (33.6) | 27 (23.1) | 396 (24.6) | |
| Gallbladder cancer | 232 (23.8) | 56 (23.6) | 42 (27.3) | 36 (28.1) | 30 (25.6) | 531 (33.0) | |
| Ampullary cancer | 132 (13.6) | 40 (16.9) | 22 (14.3) | 24 (18.8) | 25 (21.4) | 243 (15.1) | |
| Other/overlapping | 37 (3.8) | 8 (3.4) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (2.3) | 4 (3.4) | 54 (3.4) | |
| Stage | |||||||
| I–III | 590 (60.6) | 137 (57.8) | 93 (60.4) | 86 (67.2) | 72 (61.5) | 978 (60.7) | 0.5 |
| IV | 384 (39.4) | 100 (42.2) | 61 (39.6) | 42 (32.8) | 45 (38.5) | 632 (39.2) | |
| Treatment | |||||||
| Surgery | 156 (16.0) | 37 (15.6) | 29 (18.8) | 22 (17.2) | 26 (22.2) | 270 (16.8) | 0.08 |
| Chemotherapy | 169 (17.4) | 48 (20.2) | 14 (9.1) | 13 (10.2) | 18 (15.4) | 262 (16.3) | |
| Chemotherapy + surgery | 56 (5.7) | 20 (8.4) | 9 (5.8) | 9 (7.0) | 9 (7.7) | 103 (6.4) | |
| Best supportive care | 593 (60.9) | 132 (55.7) | 102 (66.2) | 84 (65.6) | 64 (54.7) | 975 (60.6) | |
| No. of biliary drains | |||||||
| 0 | 450 (46.2) | 105 (44.3) | 75 (48.7) | 48 (37.5) | 49 (41.9) | 727 (45.2) | 0.3 |
| 1 | 230 (23.6) | 56 (23.6) | 36 (23.4) | 31 (24.2) | 34 (29.1) | 387 (24.0) | |
| ≥ 2 | 294 (30.2) | 76 (32.1) | 43 (27.9) | 49 (38.3) | 34 (29.1) | 496 (30.8) | |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||||
| Before 2010 | 493 (50.6) | 99 (41.8) | 92 (59.7) | 62 (48.4) | 63 (53.8) | 809 (50.2) | 0.01 |
| 2010 onward | 481 (49.4) | 138 (58.2) | 62 (40.3) | 66 (51.6) | 54 (46.2) | 801 (49.8) | |
| Overall survival length, mo, mean ± SD | |||||||
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 12.7 ± 19.4 | 10.7 ± 18.9 | 11.1 ± 12.2 | 11.6 ± 17.4 | 10.3 ± 13.4 | 12.0 ± 18.2 | 0.7 |
| Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 23.0 ± 33.3 | 20.4 ± 29.8 | 22.7 ± 38.6 | 21.0 ± 30.2 | 20.6 ± 31.8 | 22.2 ± 32.9 | |
| Gallbladder cancer | 25.6 ± 41.6 | 18.6 ± 33.3 | 22.2 ± 31.6 | 14.0 ± 22.8 | 26.5 ± 45.4 | 23.3 ± 38.6 | |
| Ampullary cancer | 35.5 ± 36.3 | 33.5 ± 39.3 | 40.0 ± 47.4 | 44.9 ± 53.3 | 22.2 ± 22.5 | 35.1 ± 38.8 | |
| Neighbourhood education level (no. [%] with high school or above) | |||||||
| < 75 | 386 (39.6) | 82 (34.6) | 53 (34.4) | 52 (40.6) | 51 (43.6) | 624 (38.8) | 0.2 |
| 75–85 | 261 (26.8) | 78 (32.9) | 49 (31.8) | 40 (31.2) | 40 (34.2) | 468 (29.1) | |
| > 85 | 327 (33.6) | 77 (32.5) | 52 (33.8) | 36 (28.1) | 26 (22.2) | 518 (32.2) | |
| Neighbourhood income level (average annual income, $) | |||||||
| < 35 000 | 341 (35.0) | 69 (29.1) | 49 (31.8) | 51 (39.8) | 48 (41.0) | 558 (34.7) | 0.2 |
| 35 000–50 000 | 360 (37.0) | 98 (41.4) | 57 (37.0) | 49 (38.3) | 46 (39.3) | 610 (37.9) | |
| > 50 000 | 273 (28.0) | 70 (29.5) | 48 (31.2) | 28 (21.9) | 23 (19.7) | 442 (27.4) | |
| Average annual incidence per 100 000 (95% CI) | |||||||
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 0.58 (0.30–0.89) | 0.14 (0–0.30) | 0.09 (0–0.18) | 0.05 (0–0.11) | 0.07 (0–0.18) | 0.93 (0.56–1.30) | |
| Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 0.58 (0.30–0.89) | 0.14 (0–0.30) | 0.1 (0–0.24) | 0.09 (0–0.24) | 0.08 (0–0.18) | 1.27 (0.84–1.70) | |
| Gallbladder cancer | 0.79 (0.45–1.12) | 0.17 (0.02–0.35) | 0.14 (0–0.30) | 0.1 (0–0.24) | 0.07 (0–0.18) | 0.98 (0.61–1.35) | |
| Ampullary cancer | 0.32 (0.09–0.51) | 0.09 (0–0.24) | 0.05 (0–0.11) | 0.06 (0–0.18) | 0.06 (0–0.18) | 0.58 (0.29–0.87) | |
Note: CI = confidence interval, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.