Characteristics of immigrant and refugee children referred to The Hospital for Sick Children for tuberculosis medical surveillance, November 2012 to June 2016
| Characteristic | No. (%) of children | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No IGRA done n = 40 | IGRA result negative n = 152 | IGRA result positive n = 24 | Total n = 216 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 22 (45) | 86 (43.4) | 10 (58) | 118 (54.6) |
| Female | 18 (55) | 66 (56.6) | 14 (42) | 98 (45.4) |
| Age, yr | ||||
| ≤ 5 | 2 (5) | 21 (13.8) | 0 (0) | 23 (10.6) |
| 6–10 | 24 (60) | 70 (46.0) | 10 (42) | 104 (48.1) |
| 11–16 | 14 (35) | 61 (40.1) | 14 (58) | 89 (41.2) |
| Country of birth | ||||
| Philippines | 32 (80) | 108 (71.0) | 17 (71) | 157 (72.7) |
| India* | 3 (8) | 32 (21.0) | 4 (17) | 39 (18.0) |
| Israel† | 2 (5) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.3) |
| Saudi Arabia† | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (4) | 3 (1.4) |
| Russia | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |
| Nepal | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |
| Other† | 3 (8) | 3 (2.0) | 2 (8) | 8 (3.7) |
| Reason for medical surveillance referral | ||||
| History of prior treatment for tuberculosis | 36 (90) | 110 (72.4) | 20 (83) | 166 (76.8) |
| Refugee resettlement program (automatic referral) | 0 (0) | 31 (20.4) | 3 (12) | 34 (15.7) |
| Possible tuberculosis contact | 1 (2) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.8) |
| Positive tuberculin skin test result on immigration | 2 (5) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (4) | 6 (2.3) |
| Abnormal chest radiograph on immigration | 0 (0) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) |
| Other | 1 (2) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.9) |
| Prior diagnosis | ||||
| Primary complex tuberculosis | 31 (78) | 101 (66.4) | 18 (75) | 150 (69.4) |
| Tuberculosis disease (site specific) | 4 (10) | 6 (3.9) | 1 (4) | 11 (5.1) |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 2 (5) | 6 (3.9) | 1 (4) | 9 (4.2) |
| Lymph node tuberculosis | 2 (5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |
| Latent tuberculosis infection | 1 (2) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (4) | 4 (1.8) |
| No prior diagnosis | 0 (0) | 37 (24.3) | 3 (12) | 40 (18.5) |
| Symptoms in country of origin that led to diagnosis of tuberculosis disease | ||||
| None | 13 (32) | 56 (36.8) | 9 (38) | 78 (36.1) |
| Unknown | 8 (20) | 30 (19.7) | 7 (29) | 45 (20.8) |
| Known | 19 (48) | 66 (43.4) | 8 (33) | 93 (43.0) |
| Cough | 17 (42) | 57 (37.5) | 6 (25) | 80 (37.0) |
| Fever/headache | 9 (22) | 25 (16.4) | 2 (8) | 36 (16.7) |
| Weight loss/poor appetite | 2 (5) | 17 (11.2) | 2 (8) | 21 (9.7) |
| Lymphadenopathy | 3 (8) | 5 (3.3) | 1 (4) | 9 (4.2) |
| Cold- or “flu”-like symptoms | 1 (2) | 6 (3.9) | 2 (8) | 9 (4.2) |
| Abdominal pain | 1 (2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Vomiting | 1 (2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Diarrhea | 1 (2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) |