Maternal and delivery-related characteristics of HIV-infected women and their infants, Canada, 1997–2016
| Characteristic | No. (%) of mother–infant pairs* |
|---|---|
| Women | |
| Risk category (n = 3459) | |
| Heterosexual | 2555 (73.9) |
| Injection drug use† | 788 (22.8) |
| Perinatal‡ | 44 (1.3) |
| Other | 72 (2.1) |
| Race/ethnicity (n = 3723)§ | |
| Black | 1868 (50.2) |
| White | 843 (22.6) |
| Indigenous | 778 (20.9) |
| Other | 234 (6.3) |
| Timing of diagnosis (n = 3317)¶ | |
| Before conception | 2593 (78.2) |
| First trimester | 197 (5.9) |
| Second trimester | 278 (8.4) |
| Third trimester | 103 (3.1) |
| At delivery | 53 (1.6) |
| After delivery | 93 (2.8) |
| Duration of antenatal combination antiretroviral therapy, wk (n = 3764) | |
| ≥ 4 | 2960 (78.6) |
| < 4 | 445 (11.8) |
| None | 359 (9.5) |
| Viral load nearest delivery, copies/mL (n = 2467)** | |
| < 50 | 2031 (82.3) |
| 50–999 | 270 (10.9) |
| ≥ 1000 | 166 (6.7) |
| Mode of delivery (n = 3680) | |
| Vaginal | 2235 (60.7) |
| Elective cesarean birth | 961 (26.1) |
| Emergency cesarean birth | 484 (13.2) |
| Infants | |
| Gestational age at birth, mean ± SD; wk (n = 3394) | 38.2 ± 2.41 |
| Gestational age at birth, wk (n = 3394) | |
| ≥ 37 | 2825 (83.2) |
| 34–36 | 396 (11.7) |
| < 34 | 173 (5.1) |
| Birth weight, mean ± SD; kg (n = 3072) | 3.04 ± 0.65 |
| Male sex (n = 3785) | 1944 (51.4) |
| Province/territory of birth (n = 3785) | |
| Ontario | 1294 (34.2) |
| Quebec | 859 (22.7) |
| Alberta | 575 (15.2) |
| British Columbia/Yukon Territory†† | 493 (13.0) |
| Saskatchewan | 288 (7.6) |
| Manitoba | 247 (6.5) |
| Atlantic provinces | 29 (0.8) |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.
↵† Most prevalent as a maternal risk category in Saskatchewan (76.2%), British Columbia (41.1%) and Manitoba (34.1%).
↵‡ HIV infection acquired through vertical transmission.
↵§ Black race/ethnicity predominated in Quebec (68.9%), Ontario (65.4%) and Alberta (45.0%); Indigenous race/ethnicity predominated in Saskatchewan (87.5%) and Manitoba (59.9%).
↵¶ In 416 cases, diagnosis was before the onset of labour, but the precise timing was unknown.
↵** Collected consistently since 2008.
↵†† There were fewer than 5 cases from the Yukon Territory.