| Characteristic | Group; no. (%) of participants† | |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality n = 31 | Paper-based n = 33 | |
| Age, mean ± SD, yr | 24.4 ± 2.7 | 24.3 ± 2.7 |
| No. of semesters of neuroanatomy | 20 | 24 |
| Medical school year | ||
| First | 19 (61) | 22 (67) |
| Second | 12 (39) | 11 (33) |
| Female sex | 18 (58) | 18 (54) |
| Previous neuroanatomy experience | 19 (61) | 17 (52) |
| Study preferences | ||
| Textbook | 16 (52) | 20 (61) |
| Lectures | 22 (71) | 21 (64) |
| Drawing | 19 (61) | 17 (52) |
| Flashcards | 12 (39) | 11 (33) |
| Models | 17 (55) | 16 (48) |
| YouTube | 15 (48) | 18 (54) |
Note: SD = standard deviation.
*No significant differences were found between groups at α = 0.05.
†Except where noted otherwise.