| Characteristic | Quintile of family physician delivery rate; no. (%)* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 n = 148 059 | 2 n = 158 593 | 3 n = 160 518 | 4 n = 151 206 | 5 n = 157 923 | All n = 776 299 | |
| Missing data† | 1766 (1.2) | 2207 (1.4) | 2400 (1.5) | 4726 (3.1) | 2980 (1.9) | 14 079 (1.8) |
| Predicted cesarean delivery rate, mean ± SD‡ | 28.4 ± 22.7 | 28.9 ± 22.7 | 27.8 ± 22.4 | 27.8 ± 22.6 | 27.1 ± 22.7 | 28.0 ± 22.7 |
| Income, mean ± SD, $ | 27 222 ± 8581 | 28 601 ± 10 314 | 28 408 ± 9175 | 26 604 ± 8438 | 26 632 ± 8822 | 27 509 ± 9144 |
| % Aboriginal, mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 13.9 | 2.4 ± 8.8 | 5.8 ± 15.2 | 5.9 ± 14.4 | 10.9 ± 22.7 | 5.8 ± 15.9 |
| Delivery hospital | ||||||
| Level 3 | 13 896 (9.4) | 39 481 (24.9) | 60 043 (37.4) | 53 996 (35.7) | 36 583 (23.2) | 203 999 (26.3) |
| Annual volume, mean ± SD | 2626 ± 1548 | 3579 ± 1665 | 2936 ± 1567 | 3462 ± 2260 | 2016 ± 1988 | 2923 ± 1913 |
| Delivery provider | ||||||
| Annual volume, mean ± SD | 269 ± 131 | 260 ± 151 | 252 ± 210 | 176 ± 150 | 96 ± 103 | 210 ± 167 |
| Obstetrician | 141 732 (95.7) | 144 028 (90.8) | 133 475 (83.2) | 90 462 (59.8) | 48 732 (30.8) | 558 429 (71.9) |
| Family physician | 6327 (4.3) | 14 565 (9.2) | 27 043 (16.8) | 60 744 (40.2 | 109 191 (69.1) | 217 870 (28.1) |
| Midwife† | 5938 (4.0) | 7621 (4.8) | 7273 (4.5) | 5657 (3.7) | 4743 (3.0) | 31 232 (4.0) |
| Maternal | ||||||
| Age, mean ± SD, yr | 29.3 ± 5.7 | 30.5 ± 5.5 | 29.0 ± 5.6 | 29.3 ± 5.7 | 28.2 ± 5.7 | 29.2 ± 5.7 |
| % of women in census subdivision with at least some high school, mean ± SD | 83.0 ± 12.7 | 86.5 ± 11.2 | 83.4 ± 12.8 | 83.5 ± 12.4 | 80.2 ± 15.1 | 83.3 ± 13.0 |
| Urban residence | 128 533 (86.8) | 147 590 (93.1) | 136 309 (84.9) | 118 755 (78.5) | 94 967 (60.1) | 626 154 (80.6) |
| Cesarean delivery | 42 010 (28.4) | 45 214 (28.5) | 43 585 (27.2) | 42 212 (27.9) | 44 169 (28.0) | 217 190 (28.0) |
| Prior cesarean delivery | 19 454 (13.1) | 21 011 (13.2) | 20 084 (12.5) | 19 472 (12.9) | 20 473 (13.0) | 100 494 (12.9) |
| Type 1 diabetes | 429 (0.3) | 390 (0.2) | 471 (0.3) | 373 (0.2) | 371 (0.2) | 2034 (0.3) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 409 (0.3) | 449 (0.3) | 615 (0.4) | 404 (0.3) | 491 (0.3) | 2368 (0.3) |
| Gestational diabetes | 6595 (4.4) | 8107 (5.1) | 6515 (4.0) | 8775 (5.8) | 6347 (4.0) | 36 339 (4.7) |
| Eclampsia | 120 (0.05) | 89 (0.1) | 102 (0.1) | 62 (0.04) | 97 (0.1) | 470 (0.1) |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 8430 (5.7) | 8481 (5.3) | 10 381 (6.5) | 9292 (6.1) | 10 046 (6.4) | 46 630 (6.0) |
| HIV-positive | 76 (0.05) | 81 (0.05) | 100 (0.1) | 118 (0.1) | 63 (0.04) | 438 (0.05) |
| Placental abruption | 185 (0.1) | 166 (0.1) | 469 (0.3) | 250 (0.2) | 217 (0.1) | 1287 (0.2) |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 414 (0.3) | 387 (0.2) | 2143 (1.3) | 939 (0.6) | 474 (0.3) | 4357 (0.6) |
| Neonatal | ||||||
| Male sex | 75 785 (51.2) | 81 326 (51.3) | 82 248 (51.2) | 77 872 (51.5) | 80 902 (51.2) | 398 133 (51.3) |
| Gestational age, mean ± SD, wk | 38.9 ± 2.2 | 38.9 ± 2.0 | 38.9 ± 2.4 | 38.9 ± 2.1 | 39.1 ± 2.5 | 38.9 ± 2.2 |
| Birth weight, mean ± SD, g | 3382 ± 566 | 3360 ± 557 | 3417 ± 567 | 3393 ± 556 | 3443 ± 557 | 3399 ± 562 |
| Congenital anomaly | 4423 (3.0) | 4502 (2.8) | 5227 (3.2) | 4906 (3.2) | 4379 (2.8) | 23 437 (3.0) |
| Perinatal mortality | 686 (0.5) | 700 (0.4) | 597 (0.4) | 628 (0.4) | 600 (0.4) | 3211 (0.4) |
*Except where noted otherwise.
†Records with missing data and deliveries by midwives were excluded from the final analysis.
‡Calculated from a logistic regression model including all covariates except for delivery provider.